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2. 麻醉 Anesthesia
Willam t.G. Morton (1819-1868), a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether anesthesia on October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery
John H. Gibbon (1903-1973), pioneer cardiothoracic surgeon who developed extracorporeal circulation.
Alexis Carrel (1873-1944), an experimental surgeon interested in wound healing, tissue culture, organ transplantation, and blood .vessel anastomosis. He was awarded th8e Nobel Prize in 1912.
Innovators & Pioneers in Surgery
Theodor Billroth (1829-1894), professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon, Billroth was one of the most influential teachers of his time.
Hormonal disorder
6) 梗塞与缺血 Infarction & Ischami
7) 其它 Others
梗阻
Obstruction
寄生虫病 Parasite diseases
静脉曲张. Vein varicose 12
Theodor Kocher (1841-1917), professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of .the thyoid. He received the Nobel Prize7 in 1909.
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3. 抗菌术 Antisepsis
Joseph Lister (18271912), the originator of antiseptic surgery
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4. 输血 Blood transfusion
Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), one of the first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity. He is best known for his identification and characterization of the human blood groups, A, B, and O. .
Classification of Surgical Diseases
1) 损伤 Trauma
— mechanical thermal
chemical electrical……
2) 感染 Infection
3) 肿瘤 Neoplasia Benign,
alignant
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5) 内分泌功能失调 Metabolic &
– 灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科
Burn surg, Digestive S., P. Biliary – 口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科
Stomatological S. Plastic S. Pediatric Cardio S.
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二、外科学范畴 Category of Surgery
1. 外科疾病分类
• Edward Jenner(18世纪末)发现smallpox vaccine
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一、现代外科学的发展
Development of Modern Surgery
1. 解剖学 Anatomy
John Hunter (1728-1793), the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.
傅培彬 (1912-1989), 瑞金医院外科创始人
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The role of SSMU in the development of surgery in China
1954 二尖瓣分离 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis 1958 大面积灼伤 Severe Burn 1963 断肢再植 Replantation of cut limb 1977 肝移植 The 1st case of Liver transplantation 1978 心脏移植 The 1st case of Heart transplantation 1990s- 二医外科全面发展
外科学总论
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•
医学史
• Hippocrates(公圆前460-370)has been recognized as the father of modern medicine
• Aristotle(BC270-?)has been called the father of biology
• William Harvey(17世纪)1), a surgeon at the Mount Sinai Hospital, introduced the modern technique of blood transfusion, developed from his discovery of a method of preventing coagulation of the blood outside the6 body.