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国际合作与战略管理
为什么要合资？ 有好的商业前景并且公司有相应的能力与资源，
如分销渠道，技术或融资。合资已经成为企业 战略联盟的一种常见方式。在合资公司中，两 个或更多的企业分享资金、技术、人力资源， 分担风险并且从这个共同管理的新的实体中获 利。
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International Cooperation & Strategic Management
Strategic motnies form international joint ventures?
1. Traditionally, to enter the markets of countries with restrictions on foreign investment.
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国际合作与战略管理
1. 合资公司的数量在过去的20~30年间快速增长, 包括横向增长（竞争公司之间）以及纵向增长 （价值链内处于不同阵地的公司之间）。
2. 最大的促进因素=全球竞争的加剧。 3. 其它影响因素包括:
① 科学技术的迅猛发展。 ② 研发的高成本。 ③ 商家对成熟行业的共同关注。 ④ 不同国家和地区的政府政策。
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国际合作与战略管理
何为合资
合资公司是由两个或两个以上的合作公司组成 的企业， 各方在企业中不仅仅是出资。合资 公司中的一方如果总部设在国外，或者合资公 司不止在一个国家进行经营，则认为该合资公 司为国际性合资公司。
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International Cooperation & Strategic Management
International Cooperation & Strategic Management
What is a Joint Venture
A joint venture (JV) is a business enterprise involving two or more legally distinct partner companies, each of which plays more than merely an investment role in the enterprise. A JV is considered international if at least one partner is headquartered outside the country of operation, or if the venture operates significantly in more than one country.
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International Cooperation
& Strategic Management
1. The number of JVs, both horizontal (occurring between competing companies) and vertical (occurring between companies occupying different positions within the value-chain), has risen dramatically during the past 20 to 30 years.
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International Cooperation & Strategic Management
The motives for JV formation in order of importance:
1. Market penetration/expansion 2. International expansion (internationalization) 3. Maintain market position in existing market 4. Economies of scale 5. Alliance with supplier/distribution channel 6. Product diversification
2. Recently, driven by rapidly changing market conditions.
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国际合作与战略管理
建立国际性合资公司的战略目的 为什么建立国际性合资公司?
1. 传统意义上来讲, 外商投资进入一个国家 的市场有一定的限制.
2. 最近, 受快速变化的市场情况的影响.
Why Joint Ventures?
As there are good business and accounting reasons to create a joint venture (JV) with a company that has complementary capabilities and resources, such as distribution channels, technology, or finance, joint ventures are becoming an increasingly common way for companies to form strategic alliances. In a joint venture, two or more "partner" companies agree to share capital, technology, human resources, risks and rewards in a formation of a new entity under shared control.
2. The greatest stimulus = the emergence of global competition.
3. Other influences include: ① Rapid technological development. ② High cost of research and development. ③ The concentration of players in mature industries. ④ Government policies in various countries and regions.