高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误!未定义书签。
错误!未找到引用源。
）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play. ×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。
上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。
独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。
破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。
练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。
1. His wife was ill. He had to stay athome.2.He arrived at home. His face was red.3.My homework was finished. I went outto play football with my friends.4.I rode a bike along the street. My dogwas following me.5.I had to stay at home. A lot ofhomework had to be done.6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stayat home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）②Weather permitting, we are going tovisit you③tomorrow.④名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）⑤The test finished, we began ourholiday.⑥名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）⑦He suggested going for a picnic, Maryto provide the food.⑧名词(代词)+副词⑨The game over, the crowd rushed to theexit.⑩名词(代词)+形容词⑪ A hunter came in, his face red with cold.⑫名词(代词) +介词短语⑬He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.⑭名词(代词) +名词⑮The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.②（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）③②The traffic light green, the bus got moving.④ (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。
但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。
The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt.背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。
在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。
但with 的复合结构不受限制。
Arobber burst into the room, knife in hand.A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand.1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.2. A. settled B. settling3. C. to settle D. being settled4.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the post office.5. A. buying B. to buy6. C. bought D. to be bought7.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine.8. A. was cut off B. being cut off9. C. cut off D. having cut off10.Everything ______ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.11. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking12.______ more and more forests damaged, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.13. A. As B. For C. WithD. By14.【2010山东】The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.15. A. laid B. laying C. to layD. being laid16.Many students ______ around, I explained the story into details.17. A. stood B. standing18. C. to stand D. were standing19.【2012辽宁】The old couple often takea walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them.20. A. to follow B. followingC. followedD. follows21.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted the words ______ in his heart for years.22. A. filling; having been hidden B. filled; hidden23. C. filling; hidden D. filled; hiding24.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.25. A. leading; finding; leading B. to lead; found; to lead26. C. led; finding; led D. leading; found; led27.______, he had to stay at home q5 looking after her.28. A. Being ill B. His wife was ill29. C. His wife being ill D. Because he was ill30.______, John returned to school from his hometown.31. A. The summer vacation being over32. B. The summer vacation is over33. C. Because the summer vacation over34. D. After the summer vacation being over35.The old sick goat lay on the ground, its eyes ______ and its legs ______.36. A. closed; trembled B. closing; trembling37. C. closed; trembling D. closing;trembled.38.【2012全国新课标】The party will be held in the garden, weather ______.39. A. permitting B. to permitC. permittedD. permit40.We left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point in staying.41. A. were B. being C. to beD. having42.All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.43. A. were canceled B. having been canceled44. C. had been canceled D. have been canceled考点3.独立主格结构与定语从句由关系词引导的定语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。
45.He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ translated into a foreign language.46. A. them B. which C . it D. what47.You can use a large plastic bottle, ______ cut off, as a pot to grow young plants in.48. A. the top is B. the top of which49. C. whose top D. with its top50.【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond our control.51. A. most of them B. most of which52. C. most of what D. most of that53.The English mayors, most of ______ girls, seldom win in the sports competitions.54. A. them B. whom C. theyD. the55.To find out, Frisch built special hives, ______ only one honey-comb.56. A. each with B. each has57. C. each is with D. each of which having考点4.独立主格结构与状语从句状语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语。