【西城一模】DCities are taking interest in electric scooter-share systems as an affordable transportationto cut down on pollution and traffic jams. The electric scooters, which weigh between 30 and 40 pounds, reach speeds of about 15 mph.In September 2017，Santa Monica, California, became the first U.S. city tohave an electric scooter-share service. Users find and unlock one of the more than1，000 scooters with a smartphone app. A ride costs $ 1，and then 0.15 cents foreach minute of riding throughout the beach town.Bird, the startup operating the scooter-share, picks up the scooters everynight to them, and places them around Santa Monica each morning ready for people’s use.The company was created by Travis VanderZanden, who once worked in Uber and Lyft, after he realized ridesharing services failed to help with traffic jams and air pollution. Since its September 2017 beginning, Bird’s system has served more than 50,000 riders who have taken 250,000 trips — more than half of which have been in the la st month. It’s since expanded (扩张) to Venice, California, and some neighborhoods in Los Angeles and San Diego. Bird plans to expand to lots of markets by the end of 2018.Competitors，backed by millionaires，are appearing. Two bike-share startups LimeBike and Spin, have spoken of plans to provide electric scooters in cities this year.Electric scooters have also gotten the attention of Mayor Pete Buttigieg from South Bend，Indiana. The city is interested in using them as a way to improve public transportation. SouthBend was one of the first to use bike-share systems, which allow people to park ridesharing bikes on public land. “We love to be early pioneers，” said Buttigieg. “If we work out the safety problem, we would be open to welcoming the technology.”“We need to make sure these new transportation systems are lawful and safe for users，”Constance Farrell，a spokeswoman for the city of Santa Monica told CNN. “We would like to see electric scooters continue to operate in the city. They are in line with our goal ofmulti-modal living and carbon-light living. ” According to Farrell，there have been eight accidents, including one with a serious head injury，in Santa Monica after the scooters rolled out. Users are required to have a driver’s license (驾照），should n’t ride on sidewalks or have other passengers on board.Bird has given out free helmets to some riders and tells its users to ride in bike lanes, but some users ride on sidewalks, and most U.S. streets don’t have bike lanes.“The g lobal community of cities is going to have to work this all out for scooters，”Buttigieg said. “They can move unbelievably quickly. That’s exciting，and a little30. Why did Travis create Bird company?A. Because he received support from millionaires and the government.B. Because many cities had electric scooter-share services.C. Because it is lawful and safe to use electric scooters.D. Because cities need better ridesharing services.31. The words “ are in line with” in Paragragh 6 probably mean “”.A. stopB. meet the need ofC. changeD. are ahead of32. What can we learn from the passage?A. Future electric scooters will be very slow and sale.B. Electric scooters will cause fewer accidents than cars.C. More cities will try to help with electric scooters service.D. Future traffic problems will be solved with help of electric scooters.33. The passage is mainly about ____ .A. the challenges of the electric scooter-share system in AmericaB. the advantages and disadvantages of electric scooters in AmericaC. the introduction of the electric scooter-share service in AmericaD. the future of electric scooters in public transportation in America30. D31. B32. C33. C【东城一模】DArkansas may give up the BMI program or weaken it with the help of the new governor, who said it had “a lot of negative, unexpected results”.The number of overweight children in the United States has more than doubled in the past 20 years. Being seriously overweight can lead to health problems later in life. As a result, Arkansas first started the BMI program in 2004-public schools were required to provide parents with a yearly report of their children’s body-mass index (BMI)，a number to show whether their weight is appropriate (合适的）.Along with students’ BMIs, parents also received information on health risks of being overweight.A study shows that obesity (肥胖）rates in Arkansas have stopped increasing since 2004. But not everyone supports schools in reporting students’ BMIs. Some parents have complained their kids worry that they are being “graded” on their weight, although Dr. Joe Thompson, who helped plan the BMI program, gave the explanation at the start of the program, “Just like aschool check for vision or hearing, this is a way to raise awareness (意识）about a health risk. ’’Critics argue that telling parents their children weigh too much could hurt children’sself-esteem (自尊）.Some also qu estion whether it’s the role of schools to monitor students’ weight. Dr. Nancy Krebs，a nutrition expert, also thinks obesity report cards aren’t good enough. ‘‘They’re making kids feel bad about how they are，’’ she says. “Instead of focusing on kids’ BMIs, schools should provide better health and physical education classes and serve healthier foods. ”However, supporters of the program say overweight children have had self-esteem problems before their parents get obesity report cards. Dr. Karen Young at Arkansas Children’s Hospital says，“The overweight kids are already being teased (被嘲弄）.It doesn’t take the letter for them to feel bad. ’’Health experts from the University of Arkansas think it would be a pity to stop the BMI program. They see the program as a wake-up call for families and the letter is spurring some major action on some parents. Danita Thomas said she knew her son Irie was too heavy. But since getting that first BMI report, Irie has lost nearly 100 pounds and given up junk food. “It was helpful，” she said. “It made me realize that we needed to do something different. ’’The BMI reports and other steps, such as limits on vending machine (自动售货机）use at school, are leading to healthier students. If there was no BMI program, there should be other effective tools to get schools and parents involved with preventing children from becoming overweight adults.30. What might be the purpose of the BMI program in Arkansas?A. To make the schools realize the importance of health education.B. To warn parents of health risks of overweight children.C. To drive parents to learn more knowledge on health.D. To explain why some students gain weight quickly.31. Dr. Nancy Krebs believes that .A. overweight students are usually laughed at by classmatesB. schools should teach students how to lead a healthy lifeC. overweight students usually get low grades at schoolD. schools should do the job to record students5 weight32. The words “spurring some major action on some parents” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “.A. keeping some parents from worriesB. encouraging some parents to make changesC. helping some parents learn from other familiesD. supporting some parents in expressing their opinions33. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. What schools should report to parents.B. How schools can care about overweight students.C. Why schools should help students control their weight.D. Whether schools should report students5 BMIs to parents.【海淀一模】DMotivated (有内驱力的 ) or Overachieving?Everyone has the occasional classmate who hands in his work ahead of time with really beautiful handwriting. Some teachers may cheerfully get the homework by saying "Of course you did it early. I'm sure you've done a good job!" Some teachers may feel annoyed because "The deadline is not until next Friday." Behind this student's back are tons of whispers from his classmates, "Ugh, he is such an over achiever and it's so annoying ..."If you ask the same student to explain his behavior, he probably says that he is simply "motivated". Such students refuse to call themselves overachievers but prefer "motivated" instead. They want to shy away from the unpleasant term"overachiever" but choose to embrace the word "motivated" .Why is the term "overachiever" used as an insult (侮辱 )? Do we not all work hard to achieve our goals? Why does the "motivated" student not proudly call himself an "overachiever" ?In my personal experience, being called an overachiever in front of my classmates is not pleasant at all. The word is often connected with an unkind smile or sometimes a hint ofjealousy (嫉妒 )."Overachiever" carries the implied (暗指的 ) sense which "over" lends it - you have done too much and you have gonetoo far. Anyway, it is beyond the proper degree and just annoying to those students who refuse to put in the effort themselves and get unhappy with you for doing so.A student would rather think of himself as an excellent student and it is motivation that drives him to do his best. What is the implied meaning of "motivated" ? Connected with positive words like willpower, spirit and determination, the "motivated" student would appear to be competing in an event of the brain Olympics.Although there are differences in their implications, the student who calls himself "motivated" could actually be a secret overachiever, going over the top for all his work; while the "overachiever" is nothing more than a motivated student, driven by the simple desire to do well and willing to put in time and effort. In fact, the choice lies within the student: to overachieve or not to overachieve; to find the motivation to do well and be driven by it, or to sit back and blame others for overachieving to hide his inability to achieve.30. According to the passage, overachieversA. are popular with their classmatesB. hand in homework ahead of timeC. are much loved by their teachersD. look down on others for being slow31. The word "embrace" in Paragraph 2 probably means "_ ".A. understandB. explainC. doubtD. accept32. What can we learn from the passage?A. Teachers expect students to benefit from their extra work.B. Students compete with each other to become overachievers.C. Classmates may laugh at overachievers to hide their inability to achieve.D. The writer has some pleasant experiences of being called an overachiever.33. The writer probably agrees thatA. students shouldn't be encouraged to be overachieversB. students without motivation will become overachieversC. motivated students make better progress than overachieversD .motivated students have something in common with overachievers【朝阳一模】DSuccessby FailureI hadfailed again.Itwas theday of thebig marathon. I had decided threeyearsagoto train forthe half-marathoneventand takehomea meal(奖牌).ThereIsat, infront ofmy TV, whileI watched otherscross the finishingline. I wasjustanotherinalongstring(串)offailures. I hadnever met asingle weightloss orfitnessgoal andI wasmajoringin the art offailing.Wearea family ofexploration and often planactivevacations. It seemed thatoneveryvacationIwastheonewhocouldn'tgothedistance.EachtimeIurged(催促)myfamily，“Goon withoutme. Bringmelotsofpictures andvideos. I'll befine justsittingheretakingintheview.”I lied. Sick ofbeingleftbehind.I decided thatitwould neverhappen again. SureIwasinmy 50s, but surelytherewasstill hopeforme. I always spentweekswalkingtopreparefor ouractive vacations. I hadlost weightmany times I justalways seemed tofail toget whereI needed tobe But this timeI would do somethingdifferent. I wasgoingtowalk a half marathon. SurelyI would loseweightandget inshape if I could completeover12milesinfourhours. Besides, this wouldbetraining.Trainingsoundedcoolerthandietandexercise. Iwasrevvedup andreadytogo. I bought the propergear(装备)，checkedoutwhat type of drinkswouldbehanded outat the marathon and prepared a lot. I hada plan!Now twoyearslater,thereIsat, watching thousands ofpeopleofallages succeedwhereIhad failed. I walked out, angry with myself, satdownandhadmyself a pityparty. I wasa master attheartofpityparties,havinga greatdeal ofexperiencein holdingthem. Whatwasmy problem?Wherewas Igoingwrong?Istoppedandconsideredeach failure,onebyone,Imade someveryinterestingdiscoveries.I hadfailed toclimb to the top ofthatMayan Pyramid, butI did climb itandstood on those ancientstones.IhadfailedtomeetasingleweightlossgoalandyetIhadlost43pounds.Icouldn’t walk 12milesinfourhours,butI could walk12 miles.All my failures weresoundinglikea successstory. This timeI was giving thanks. I was thankful thatI had been given the spirit offailurebecausefailuremeant thatI was trying, thatI didn't giveup. I decided thatI would becrossing thefinishingline nextyear.32.Whatcanyou learn fromthe passage?A. The writer didn't lose any weight in the end.B. The writer didn't climb the Mayan Pyramid.C. The writer didn't take part in the big marathon.D. The writer didn't have vacations with his family.33.Whatdoes the underlined sentence “Iwas revved up” probably mean?A. I got excited.B. I felt moved.C. I was pushed.D. I was chosen.34.Whichwordscanbestdescribethewriterin the passage?A. Clever and friendly.B. Interesting and proud.C Humorous and hopeful D. Kind and strong-willed.35.Thewriterprobably agrees that .A. one should never give up half wayB. setting a goal is the key to successC. one can learn by making and correcting mistakesD. trying but failing to reach the goal is still meaningful(D)32.C 33.A 34.C 35. D【石景山一模】DEarly in the morning, Feldman would deliver some bagels and a money basket to a company's snack room; he would return before lunch to pick up the money and the left bagels.He had also designed a beautiful economic experiment. By checking the money collected against the bagels taken, he found it possible to tell just how honest his customers were.He considered that a company was honest if over 90% of the people paid. Between 80 and 90% was what he considered to be normal .It was only if a company paid less than 80% that he would feel he had to do something. First he would leave a note, kind of giving them a warning、and then, if things didn't improve, he wouId simply stop selling there.So what does the bagel data（数据）tell us? Well, first of all, it shows that smaller offices are more honest than big ones. An office with twenty to thirty employees（雇员）generally pays 3 to 5% more than an office with two hundred employees. This seems to be because in a smaller company people are more worried bout. being dishonest——probably because they would feel worse if they were caught.The bagel data also suggests that your mood, how you feel, affects（影响）how honest you are .For example, the weather is a really important factor. When the weather is unusually good, more people pay, but if it's unusually cold or rainy. fewer people pay. Andpeople are also affected by public holidays, but in different ways——it depends on which public holiday. Before Christmas and Thanksgiving, peopie are less honest, but just before the 4th of July and Labour Day they are more honest. This seems to be because holidays like the 4th of July, are just a day off work, and people always look for-ward to them. But Christmas and Thanksgiving are holidays where people often feet quite stressed or unhappy. So their bad mood makes them less honest.The other thing Feldman believes affects how honest people are is the morale in an office, When employees like their boss and like their job, then the office is more honest.But in general the story of Feldman's bagel business is a really positive one. It's true that some people do steal from him, hut most people, even though no one is watching them , are honest.30. From the bagel data, we know thatA. people in big offices are more dishonestB. Feldman didn't like the people in big officesC. Feldman was unsuccessful in his bagel businessD. Fewer people in small offices pay for their bagels31. The underlined word "morale" in Paragraph 6 probably meansA. argumentB. competitionC. spiritD. movement32. According to the bagel data, Feldman had better sell bagelsA. before ChristmasB. before Labour DayC. on Thanksgiving DayD. on a very cold rainy day33. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Start the bagel business.B. Build the bagel company.C. Rich or not? Get the bagel data.D. Honest or not? Take the bagel test.【丰台一模】DThere is an argument about whether or not boys and girls should be able to play sports on the same team. This can be a particularly tricky argument, but in the end, the benefits of coed (男女同校) sports outweigh any negative aspects.“It is a well-known fact that boys are built to be stronger and bigger than girls. However, that does not mean that girls are too fragile (易碎的) to play sports with boys,”says Madeline R. She’s right. Boys are naturally built to be stronger, but girls can still compete with boys. In 2013, over 1,500 girls played boy football, andsome were the best on their team.Both boys and girls can gain skills from playing with and against the opposite gender (性别). A girl playing sports with boys will help the girl improve, making her stronger, tougher, faster, and more powerful as an athlete than she would have been playing with girls. Boys can also gain new skills from girls, becoming more agile and flexible (灵活的).Playing in coed sports might not be for every girl; some might be more comfortable playing sports with the same gender. But for the girls that have the physical ability, sports skills, confidence, and desire to compete with boys should have the choice to play coed. During an interview, Katie Smith, a Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) star, talked about how she always played with boys when she was young. She recognized early on that boys provided her with the best competition to improve her skills.There are many social benefits, too. According to Laura E. Berk, a child psychologist, sometime kids aged between 9 and 11 will begin to develop gender stereotypes ( 性别刻板印象). Playing coed sports can help prevent gender stereotypes, and learning to view the opposite gender as a friend and not something frightening is something that can be useful throughout life.It increases a girl’s confidence level, too. Letting girls compete with boys enhances their view of themselves and makes them more flexible. “Sports for girls has many benefits, including better grades, better body image, less depression and a higherchance of graduating from high school,” says Leigh R. She’s right, and the improvement in all of these areas will increase if girls can play with and against boys. These are all reasons why boys and girls should be able to play sports together on the same team. While it might not be for everyone, there are definitely people out there that are looking to improve their game, and coed sports is an excellent way to do that.30. The writer talks about Katie Smith to .A. introduce a popular basketball starB. stress the great differences among girlsC. show benefits of playing in coed sportsD. suggest good ways of choosing activities31. The words “enhances their view of themselves” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “”.A. makes them worry about themselvesB. makes them pleased with themselvesC. helps them take good care of themselvesD. helps them know better about themselves32. What can we learn from the passage?A. Coed sports can make girls stronger than boys.B. Playing coed sports can help develop gender stereotypes.C. Both boys and girls can gain skills from playing in coed sports.D. Playing coed sports would prevent girls from learning at school.33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Are the Boys Really Stronger than the Girls?B. Can Playing in Coed Sports Do Good to Every Girl?C. Does Playing Coed Sports Increase a Girl’s Confidence Level?D. Should Boys and Girls Be Allowed to Play Sports on the Same Team?30.C 31.D 32. C 33. D。