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高考英语阅读理解综合题汇编含详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解1.阅读理解By analyzing the fossilized teeth of some of our most ancient ancestors, a team of scientists led by the universities of Bristol (UK) and Lyon (France) have discovered that the first humans significantly breastfed their infants (婴儿) for longer periods than their contemporary relatives.The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning (断奶)that remain otherwise unseen in the fossil record.The team sampled minute amounts from nearly 40 fossilized teeth of our South African fossil relatives, early Homo, Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus africanus. They measured the proportions of their stable calcium isotopes (同位素)in the tooth enamel(牙釉质), which are a function of the mother milk intake by infants. They show that early Homo offspring(后代) was breastfed in significant proportions until the age of around three to four years, which likely played a role in the apparition of traits that are specific to human lineage(血统), such as the brain development.In contrast, infants of Paranthropus robustus, that became extinct around one million years ago and were a more robust species in terms of dental anatomy, as well as infants of Australopithecus africanus, stopped drinking sizeable proportions of mother milk in the course of the first months of life.These differences in nursing behaviors likely come with major changes in the social structures of groups as well as the time between the birth of one child and the birth of the next.One of the study's lead authors, Dr Theo Tacail said: "The practice of weaning -- the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling -- differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.The development of such behavioral differences likely played major roles in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.However, getting insights into these behavioral changes from fossils that are millions of years old is a challenge and, so far, little evidence allow discussing nursing practices in these fossil species.The findings stress the need for further exploration of calcium stables isotopes compositions in the fossil record in order to understand the co-evolution of weaning practices with other traits such as brain size or social behaviors."/first-human-ancestors-breastfed-for-longer-than-contemporary-relatives/https:///releases/2019/08/190829115427.htm(1)What do we know the findings of the team?A. It takes the lead in focusing on Practice weaning.B. It has disclosed the link between the weaning practice and other traits.C. It is evident that nursing practice is associated with behavioral changes.D. It's contemporary humans that spend more time breastfeeding their infants.(2)What does the underlined phrase "such behavioral differences" in Paragraph 7 most probably refer to?A. Differences in the calcium isotope in the teeth.B. Differences in the social structure of groups.C. Differences in the practice of weaning.D. Differences in the change of behaviors.(3)What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The evolution of human lineage.B. The possible influence of nursing behaviors.C. The exploration of compositions in the fossil.D. The function of mother milk at the age of infants.【答案】(1)A(2)C(3)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过对祖先牙齿化石的研究,科学家们发现第一批用母乳喂养婴儿的人类比同时代的其他的近亲在时间上要长很多,而这种育幼差异可能在人类进化中扮演了重要角色,比如大脑发育和社会群体方面。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight in to the practice of weaning ”可知这项研究结果发表在《科学进展》杂志上,为断奶行为提供了第一手资料,而这在化石记录中是看不到的。

故选A。

(2)考查句义猜测。

根据第六段中的“The practice of weaning -- the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling -- differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.”可知现代人和古代人的断奶行为不同,而且人类和猩猩以及猿猴在断奶的时间上是不同的,即不同时代/不同物种的断奶行为是有差异的,而画线部分的such 就是指上文提到的内容。

故选C。

(3)考查主旨大意。

根据第七段中的“The development of such behavioral differences … in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.”可知,这种行为差异的发展可能在人类血统成员的进化中扮演了重要角色,例如与社会群体的大小和结构,大脑的发展有关。

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