考研十训[引]一训曰：汝不可因惰而随心所睡；二训曰：汝不可移志而半途而废；三训曰：汝不可随性而泡哥追妹；四训曰：汝不可因苦而哭天抹泪；五训曰：汝不可因闷而夜夜买醉；六训曰：汝不可求闲而叫嚣疲惫；七训曰：汝不可进步而自我陶醉；八训曰：汝不可没座而迟到早退；九训曰：汝不可因惧而错过机会；十训曰：汝不可考上便吹嘘不累！The fire is the test of gold,adversity of strong man.2011海文考研英语暑期大讲堂主讲：付博翻译一．翻译标准及评分原则1．翻译标准：文质说：“弃文存质”vs “辞旨文雅”【东汉·三支】信达雅：“…信、达而外，求其尔雅…”【清朝·严复】信顺说：“以信为主，以顺为辅”【现代·鲁迅】创作论：“好的翻译等于创作”【现代·郭沫若】美学论：“翻译是一种艺术”【现代·林语堂】艺术论：“言、意不可分”【现代·朱光潜】意境论：“艺术创作性翻译”【现代·茅盾】神似说：“重神似而不重形似”【现代·傅雷】化境说：“引…诱‟、避…讹‟、求…化‟”【现当代·钱钟书】“既须求真，又须喻俗”——【唐·玄奘】a wonderful thing: it is so full of anguish and of magic and he never comes to2．评分原则：分段计分如何评分拆分标准：1.，；- ：2.that, which, whatever, now that ….3.X is | more A | than BMy interest in English has arisen, less through …… and more from ……will be in front of A of B of C in D about E for F to do G done by H在进化中自然选择所起的作用仅在一百多年前才得到阐述，而环境在形成和保持个体行为过程中所起到的选择作用则刚刚开始得到承认和研究（为人们所认可和研究）。
总结：分段释义、合理调整、言辞贯通、书写工整1．词义“明确化”2．结构“清晰化”3．语序“通顺化”4．书写“工整化”1.断句子，合短语2.查词义，译局部3.调结构，求连贯4.工整书写二．英汉差异及考试热点英语：印欧 结构抽象紧凑形合汉语：汉藏 结构具体松散意合1．替换 重复HSK【汉】此物生南国。
【英】It grows in the south.【汉】很多人从未出过国门。
【英】Many people never go abroad.【汉】美国是当今唯一的超级大国。
【英】The USA is the only superpowers at present.【汉】葡萄牙是一个比西班牙小的国家。
【英】Portugal is a smaller country than Spain.【汉】国将不国，何以为家。
【英】When our fatherland is in great danger, there is no use to talk about sweet home.【练习】The monkey‟s most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, it had learned to solo on the vehicle.【练习】We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” W illiam Wordsworth said in the 19th century.【练习】Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. [2003, Translation]【练习】So it is a bit confusing when V os Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What‟s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?【练习】There will be television shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.2．抽象→具体【英】Nature is the true law.【汉】天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡。
【英】This novel was the beginning of his fame.【汉】这部小说是他的成名之作。
【英】Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst.【汉】我发泄一阵之后，既没感到难过，也没感到遗憾。
【英】Most regions in China are mysterious and attractive, with Tibet in the lead.【汉】中国很多地区神秘莫测，引人入胜，其中西藏位居榜首。
【练习】Even an elementary knowledge of statistics is sufficient to enable the journalist to avoid misleading his readers.【练习】There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.3. 被动→主动Mary was kissed by John.If playing truant can be viewed as normal behavior, being punctual may be treated as students‟virtue.【练习】What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution?1.若by后为动作发出者，以其为主语，将句子主动化。
【练习】The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.The Apollo XII crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs.2.将“被”转化为“得到、受到或遭到”【练习】The area has been marked out for building more hotels.3.以虚无主语“人们、我们”或根据语境推断出的主语开头，讲句子主动化。
【练习】My first forty years were spent in Southern Europe.to ….4.灵活处理为判断句或祈使句【练习】It should be realized that …It may be said without fear of exaggeration that ….5.参见教材P3【练习】并且，许多人认为，普通人的思维活动无法和科学家的思维活动相比，并且这些思维活动必须通过某种专门的训练才能掌握。
4.糅合 分解1.从句2.比较结构3.并列A, B, and C.【英】Every stranger is struck by the patient and orderly way in which Britons queue for a bus. 【汉】英国人排队等车井然有序，不紧不慢，这给初来乍到的人留下很深的印象。
cool, it struck me how different the lotus pool I pass every day must look under a full moon.【汉】这几天心里颇不宁静。
今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。
【练习】定语从句1.若定语从句较短，翻译为“……的”；若较长，将关系代词还原为先行词，翻译成补充结构。
特殊情况一：若主句过于空洞，无论从句长短，都翻译为“……的”。
Television is one of the meansby which these feelings are created and conveyed.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并且给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。
特殊情况二：若主从句之间蕴含某种逻辑关系，要将逻辑关系表达在译文中。
In such an which for us is just darkness.在这样的实验中，能够训练昆虫飞向紫外线，而紫外线对我们来说只是一片黑暗。
特殊情况三若关系代词指代不明，通过语义逻辑和形式逻辑两层标准来判断。
World War II was, however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。