Westward expansion
1.agricultural society had been replaced by a modern industrialization one
2.economic exploitation of the workers by the capitalists
Booming economy: experiencing industrial transformation
1.Rousseau’s new idea about Nature, society, education
2.radicals sympathized the French Revolution, claiming Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
Two-party system:
1782—1861 Washington Irving’sThe Sketch Book; Walt Whitman’sLeaves of Grass
Historically
Background: Economically
Politically
1.The French Revolution
2.The English Industrial Revolution
1.free expression of emotions andpsychic statesof the charter
2.emphasis on imaginative qualities: picturesque, exotic, sensuous, the supernatural
3.the wildness and American Puritanism; moremoralizing
freedom and democracy
Definition
Revolt of the English imagination against of the neo-classical reason
Revolt against classicism
Theme
Bitterness, melancholy
Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Walt Whitman, Herman Melville
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英美浪漫主义比较
British Romanticism
American Romanticism
Time
1798—1832 Wordsworth and Coleridge’sLyrical Ballads; death of Walt Scotts and the passage of the Reform Bill in the Parliament
A strong sense ofoptimismand a mood of “feeling good” of the whole country
Contents
1.spontaneous outflow of power feelings
2.imagination
3.nature
4.escape from society and return to natureቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
4.escape from society and return to nature
Characteristics
1.nature images, dream-like atmosphere, music beauty,
2.Gothic elements
1.derivative
2.Puritanism: moralizing
3.Calvinistic view of original sin
Literary Movement
Transcendentalism
Writers
William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, George G. Byron, P. B. Shelley, John Keats