c、表示原因 Deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry. As they were deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry. d、表示伴随情况
She walked out of the house, followed by her daughter. She walked out of the house, and was followed by her daughter. e、表示让步 Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
Seen from space, the earth looks blue. When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
b、表示条件
Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
(动宾关系)
或和宾语存在动宾关系。这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示
过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成，
“感知”（如see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find等)、
“意愿”（如want, wish, expect, 等) 的动词， 或是使役动词（如make, have, keep 等）。
译：他喜欢读鲁迅写的书。
★2)形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在 句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。
★ III 过去分词的用法
过去分词（短语）作定语 We should pay attention to our spoken English. 单个过去分词作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之 前, 和它所修饰的名词存在动宾(被动)关系。 This is one of the schools built in 1980. = This is one of the schools which were built in 1980. 过去分词短语常放在它所修饰的名词之后，与 被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，相当于一个 定语从句，但是更简洁。
译：我看见他正在上车。
（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动。动作正在进行。）
cut 3. I will have/get my hair ______ (cut) tomorrow.
译：我准备明天理发。(过去分词作宾补，表被动。)
过去分词（短语）作状语
过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语，常常表示时间、 条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，相当于对应的状语从 句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。 a、表示时间
D 10. ___, the little boy is living a happy life. A.Taking good care B. Taken good care C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of
★过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：
This river is polluted.（过去分词作表语，表状态）
译：这条河被污染了
This river was polluted by the chemical plant.
（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作） 译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。 过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在 被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由by引出动作的 发出者。
She looked worried.
译：她看起来很焦急。
过去分词（短语）用在系动词之后作表语，和 句子主语之间存在动宾关系。
习题： C 1. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in. A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted D 2. As soon as he entered the city, he ____. A. was losing B. got losing C. lost D. got lost
C. and following his son D. following by his son B 9. ___ a white sweater, she looks much more beautiful. A. Dressing B. wearing C. Dressed D. Having dressed
习题：
1)— I ’m very thirsty. C — You’d better drink some ___ water. A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. to be boiled
①单个分词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。 ②现在分词表明动作正在进行，过去分词表 明动作已经完成。
( e.g.
get hurt
get excited
get pleased )
C 3. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents are _____ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by
C 1._____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
(he和 receive 是主谓关系，且receive 先于decide之前发生。)
Welcome to our 词知识总结
I 过去分词的形式 II 过去分词的性质 III 过去分词的用法
I 过去分词的构成形式
• 构成形式 “动词原形+ed” 规则形式: e.g. open → opened love → loved stop → stopped
②单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰的名词之前, 但是something、anything、nobody、nothing、 those等代词的定语需后置。
过去分词（短语）作表语
The children were satisfied with his explanation.
译：孩子们对他的解释感到满意。
study → studied
不规则形式：
e.g. cost → cost bend → bent keep →kept fight →fought
break → broken rise →risen swim →swum ★ 过去分词没有时态和语态的变化
II 过去分词的性质
过去分词既有动词性质，也有形容词和副词性质 1)动词性质表现为:可以有自己的状语并组成过去 分词短语。 He likes to read the books written by Lu Xun.(过去分词短语)
A 2)The Olympic Games __ in 776 B.C. lasted for only one day. A. held B. to be held C. holding D. being holding
①过去分词短语做定语放在所修饰名词(词组) 之后，与其所修饰的名词(词组是)动宾关系, 且动作已经完成。
The windows are closed .
译：窗户是关着的。
The windows were closed by Jack.
译：窗户是被杰克关起来的
过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语 I found the small town changed a lot.(表动作已完成) He wants the letter typed right away.(动宾关系) We must get our homework finished on time.
习题：
caught 1.We saw the thief_________ (catch) by the police.
译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。 （过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动。)
getting on 2. I saw him _________ (get on ) the bus .
译:公元前776年举行的奥运会只持续了一天。
A 3. Please don’t forget him. He is one of ___. A. those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting those
①过去分词invited作定语修饰指示代词those,意 为“被邀请的那些人”,两者是动宾（被动）关系。 those invited = those people who have been invited
in touch with Bill.
A.Knowing not B. Not known
C. Not knowing
D. Not know
A 8. The old man walked in the street, ____. A. following his son B. followed his son
B 3. ____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better A. Giving B. Given C. Give D. To give