化学专业术语英语对照Prepared on 21 November 2021化学专业术语英语对照来源：发布时间：2011年4月7日爆炸界限explosionlimits霍根-华森图Hougen-WatsonChart德拜和法尔肯哈根效应DebyeandFalkenhageneffect德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’slimitingequation 德拜立方公式Debyecubicformula聚沉值coagulationvalue聚沉coagulation聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte精馏rectify键焓bondenthalpy触变thixotropy解离化学吸附dissociationchemicaladsorption简并度degeneracy感胶离子序lyotropicseries催化剂catalyst隔离法theisolationmethod隔离系统isolatedsystem道尔顿定律Daltonlaw道尔顿分压定律Daltonpartialpressurelaw超电势overpotential缔合化学吸附associationchemicaladsorption 等温等容位Helmholtzfreeenergy等温等压位Gibbsfreeenergy等温方程equationatconstanttemperature等焓线isenthalpicline等焓过程isenthalpicprocess等几率定理theoremofequalprobability焦耳定律Joule';slaw焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomsoneffect焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomsonexperiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomsoncoefficient焦耳Joule敞开系统opensystem菲克扩散第一定律Fick’sfirstlawofdiffusion 粗分散系统thickdispersesystem第三定律熵third-lawentropy第二类永动机perpetualmachineofthesecondkind 第一类永动机perpetualmachineofthefirstkind 盖斯定律Hesslaw盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussaclaw焓enthalpy混合熵entropyofmixing混合物mixture接触角contactangle接触电势contactpotential弹式量热计bombcalorimeter常见术语基态能级energylevelatgroundstate基希霍夫公式Kirchhoffformula基元反应elementaryreactions高会溶点upperconsolutepoint高分子溶液macromolecularsolution胶凝作用demulsification胶核colloidalnucleus胶束micelle胶冻brothjelly胶体粒子colloidalparticles胶体化学collochemistry胶体分散系统dispersionsystemofcolloid胶体colloid胶团micelle积分溶解热integrationheatofdissolution盎萨格电导理论Onsager’stheoryofconductance爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokesequation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’slawofphotochemicalequivalence浸湿功immersionwettingwork浸湿immersionwetting格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’slaw根均方速率root-mean-squarespeed费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Diracstatistics绝热量热计adiabaticcalorimeter绝热指数adiabaticindex绝热过程adiabaticprocess绝对熵absoluteentropy绝对温标absolutetemperaturescale绝对反应速率理论absolutereactionratetheory结晶热heatofcrystallization结线tieline科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’sLawofIndependentMigrationofIons 界面张力surfacetension界面interfaces玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einsteinstatistics玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmannentropytheorem玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmannconstant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmanndistribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmannformula独立子系统independentparticlesystem活度activity活化控制activationcontrol活化能activationenergy活化络合物理论activatedcomplextheory标准熵standardentropy标准摩尔燃烧焓standardmolarcombustionenthalpy标准摩尔熵standardmolarentropy标准摩尔焓函数standardmolarenthalpyfunction标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standardmolarGibbsfreeenergyfunction 标准摩尔生成焓standardmolarformationenthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standardmolarformationGibbsfunction标准摩尔反应熵standardmolarreactionentropy标准摩尔反应焓standardmolarreactionenthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standardGibbsfunctionofmolarreaction 标准氢电极standardhydrogenelectrode标准态standardstate标准状况standardcondition标准压力standardpressure标准电极电势standardelectrodepotential标准电动势standardelectromotiveforce标准平衡常数standardequilibriumconstant柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbslaw查理定律Charle’slaw挥发度volatility恒容摩尔热容molarheatcapacityatconstantvolume恒容热heatatconstantvolume恒沸混合物constantboilingmixture恒压摩尔热容molarheatcapacityatconstantpressure恒压热heatatconstantpressure恒外压constantexternalpressure封闭系统closedsystem复合反应compositereaction饱和蒸气压saturatedvaporpressure饱和蒸气saturatedvapor饱和液体saturatedliquids饱和吸附量saturatedextentofadsorption非基元反应non-elementaryreactions非依时计量学反应timeindependentstoichiometricreactions 非体积功non-volumework规定熵stipulatedentropy表面活性剂surfactants表面质量作用定律surfacemassactionlaw表面张力surfacetension表面吸附量surfaceexcess表面过程控制surfaceprocesscontrol表面surfaces表观摩尔质量apparentmolecularweight表观活化能apparentactivationenergy表观迁移数apparenttransferencenumber范德华常数vanderWaalsconstant范德华气体vanderWaalsgases范德华方程vanderWaalsequation范德华力vanderWaalsforce范特霍夫渗透压公式van’tHoffequationofosmoticpressure 范特霍夫规则van’tHoffrule范特霍夫方程van’tHoffequation环境熵变entropychangeinenvironment环境environment波义尔温度Boyletemperature波义尔点Boylepoint波义尔定律Boylelaw法拉第常数faradayconstant法拉第定律Faraday’slaw泊Poise沸点升高elevationofboilingpoint沸点boilingpoint构型熵configurationalentropy定域子系统localizedparticlesystem定容摩尔热容molarheatcapacityunderconstantvolume 定容温度计ConstantvoIumethermometer定压摩尔热容molarheatcapacityunderconstantpressure 定压温度计constantpressurethermometer孤立系统isolatedsystem固溶胶solidsol固相线solidphaseline固态混合物solidsolution单链反应straightchainreactions单分子层吸附理论monomoleculelayeradsorption单分子反应unimolecularreaction附加压力excesspressure阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrheniusactivationenergy阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrheniusionizationtheory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrheniusequation阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadrolaw阿马格定律Amagatlaw沉降电势sedimentationpotential沉降平衡sedimentationequilibrium沉降sedimentation极限摩尔电导率limitingmolarconductivity极化作用polarization极化曲线polarizationcurves极化电极电势polarizationpotentialofelectrode杠杆规则leverrule低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric低共熔混合物eutecticmixture低共熔点eutecticpoint低会溶点lowerconsolutepoint亨利常数Henryconstant亨利定律Henrylaw过程process过渡状态理论transitionstatetheory过热液体overheatedliquid过饱和蒸气oversaturatedvapor过饱和溶液oversaturatedsolution过冷液体overcooledliquid过冷水super-cooledwater负极negativepole负吸附negativeadsorption安托万常数Antoineconstant安托万方程Antoineequation多方过程polytropicprocess多分子层吸附理论adsorptiontheoryofmulti-molecularlayers吉布斯函数判据Gibbsfunctioncriterion吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhemequation吉布斯吸附公式Gibbsadsorptionformula吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotzequation 吉氏函数Gibbsfunction动力学控制kineticscontrol动力学方程kineticequations共轭溶液conjugatesolution共沸温度azeotropictemperature光谱熵spectrum entropy光敏反应photosensitizedreactions光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律thesecondlawofactinochemistry 光化学第一定律thefirstlawofactinochemistry 价数规则ruleofvalence产率yield亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtzfunctioncriterion 亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtzfunction亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtzfreeenergy亥氏函数Helmholtzfunction节流膨胀系数coefficientofthrottlingexpansion节流膨胀throttlingexpansion节流过程throttlingprocess艾林方程Eryingequation电解池electrolyticcell电量计coulometer电渗析electrodialysis电渗electroosmosis电流效率currentefficiency电泳electrophoresis电极种类typeofelectrodes电极电势electrodepotential电极反应reactionsontheelectrode电迁移率electromobility电迁移electromigration电池常数cellconstant电池电动势electromotiveforceofcells电池反应cellreaction电导率conductivity电导conductance电动势的温度系数temperaturecoefficientofelectromotiveforce 电动电势zetapotential电功electricwork电化学极化electrochemicalpolarization电化学electrochemistry甘汞电极calomelelectrode弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlichempiricalformulaofadsorption 布朗运动brownianmovement对称数symmetrynumber对应状态原理principleofcorrespondingstate对行反应reversiblereactions对比摩尔体积reducedmolevolume对比温度reducedtemperature对比体积reducedvolume对比压力reducedpressure卡诺循环Carnotcycle卡诺定理Carnottheorem半衰期halftimeperiod半电池halfcell功函workcontent功work计量系数stoichiometriccoefficient计量式stoichiometricequation比浓粘度reducedviscosity比表面吉布斯函数specificsurfaceGibbsfunction比表面功specificsurfacework开尔文公式Kelvinformula反渗透reverseosmosis反应速率常数constantofreactionrate反应速率rateofreaction反应热heatofreaction反应进度extentofreaction反应级数reactionorders反应分子数molecularity反电动势back化学热力学chemicalthermodynamics化学亲合势chemicalaffinity化学势判据chemicalpotentialcriterion化学势chemicalpotential化学吸附chemisorptions化学动力学chemicalkinetics化学反应进度extentofchemicalreaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometriccoefficientofchemicalreaction 化学反应计量式stoichiometricequationofchemicalreaction分解电压decompositionvoltage分散相dispersionphase分散系统dispersesystem分配定律distributionlaw分体积定律partialvolumelaw分体积partialvolume分压定律partialpressurelaw分压partialpressure分布数distributionnumbers分布distribution分子蒸馏moleculardistillation分子间力intermolecularforce分子反应力学mechanicsofmolecularreactions不可逆相变化irreversiblephasechange不可逆过程热力学thermodynamicsofirreversibleprocesses 不可逆过程irreversibleprocess广度性质extensiveproperty广延量extensivequantity广延性质extensiveproperty几率因子stericfactor二级相变secondorderphasechange二级反应secondorderreaction丁达尔效应Dyndalleffectζ电势zetapotentialpVT性质pVTpropertyHLB法hydrophile-lipophilebalancemethodDLVO理论DLVOtheoryBET公式BETformula可能的电解质potentialelectrolyte可逆电池reversiblecell可逆过程reversibleprocess可逆过程方程reversibleprocessequation可逆体积功reversiblevolumework可逆相变reversiblephasechange克拉佩龙方程Clapeyronequation克劳修斯不等式Clausiusinequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyronequation控制步骤controlstep库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusioncontrolled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’sequation拉乌尔定律Raoultlaw兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwoodmechanism 兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuiradsorptionisothermformula 雷利公式Rayleighequation冷冻系数coefficientofrefrigeration冷却曲线coolingcurve离解热heatofdissociation离解压力dissociationpressure离域子系统non-localizedparticlesystems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standardmolarformationofion离子的电迁移率mobilityofions离子的迁移数transportnumberofions离子独立运动定律lawoftheindependentmigrationofions离子氛ionicatmosphere离子强度ionicstrength理想混合物perfectmixture理想气体idealgas理想气体的绝热指数adiabaticindexofidealgases理想气体的微观模型micro-modelofidealgas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermalequationofidealgaseousreactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabaticreversibleprocessequationofidealgase 理想气体状态方程stateequationofidealgas理想稀溶液idealdilutesolution理想液态混合物perfectliquidmixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partitionfunctionofparticles连串反应consecutivereactions链的传递物chaincarrier链反应chainreactions量热熵calorimetricentropy量子统计quantumstatistics量子效率quantumyield临界参数criticalparameter临界常数criticalconstant临界点criticalpoint临界胶束浓度criticalmicelleconcentration临界摩尔体积criticalmolarvolume临界温度criticaltemperature临界压力criticalpressure临界状态criticalstate零级反应zeroorderreaction流动电势streamingpotential流动功flowwork笼罩效应cageeffect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randallruleoffugacity 露点dewpoint露点线dewpointline麦克斯韦关系式Maxwellrelations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwelldistributionofspeeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistributionofenergy毛细管凝结condensationincapillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelisconstant摩尔电导率molarconductivity摩尔反应焓molarreactionenthalpy摩尔混合熵moleentropyofmixing摩尔气体常数molargasconstant摩尔热容molarheatcapacity摩尔溶解焓moledissolutionenthalpy摩尔稀释焓moledilutionenthalpy内扩散控制internaldiffusionscontrol内能internalenergy内压力internalpressure能级energylevels能级分布energyleveldistribution能量均分原理principleoftheequipartitionofenergy 能斯特方程Nernstequation能斯特热定理Nernstheattheorem凝固点freezingpoint凝固点降低loweringoffreezingpoint凝固点曲线freezingpointcurve凝胶gelatin凝聚态condensedstate凝聚相condensedphase浓差超电势concentrationover-potential浓差极化concentrationpolarization浓差电池concentrationcells帕斯卡pascal泡点bubblepoint泡点线bubblepointline配分函数partitionfunction配分函数的析因子性质propertythatpartitionfunctiontobeexpressedasap roductoftheseparatepartitionfunctionsforeachkindofstate碰撞截面collisioncrosssection碰撞数thenumberofcollisions偏摩尔量partialmolequantities平衡常数（理想气体反应）equilibriumconstantsforreactionsofidealgases 平动配分函数partitionfunctionoftranslation平衡分布equilibriumdistribution平衡态equilibriumstate平衡态近似法equilibriumstateapproximation平衡状态图equilibriumstatediagram平均活度meanactivity平均活度系统meanactivitycoefficient平均摩尔热容meanmolarheatcapacity平均质量摩尔浓度meanmassmolarity平均自由程meanfreepath平行反应parallelreactions破乳demulsification铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universalvanderWaalsequation其它功theotherwork气化热heatofvaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gasconstant气体分子运动论kinetictheoryofgases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamentalequationofkinetictheoryofgases 气溶胶aerosol气相线vaporline迁移数transportnumber潜热latentheat强度量intensivequantity强度性质intensiveproperty亲液溶胶hydrophilicsol氢电极hydrogenelectrodes区域熔化zonemelting热heat热爆炸heatexplosion热泵heatpump热功当量mechanicalequivalentofheat热函heatcontent热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemicalequation热机heatengine热机效率efficiencyofheatengine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律thesecondlawofthermodynamics热力学第三定律thethirdlawofthermodynamics热力学第一定律thefirstlawofthermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamentalequationofthermodynamics 热力学几率thermodynamicprobability热力学能thermodynamicenergy热力学特性函数characteristicthermodynamicfunction 热力学温标thermodynamicscaleoftemperature热力学温度thermodynamictemperature热熵thermalentropy热效应heateffect熔点曲线meltingpointcurve熔化热heatoffusion溶胶colloidalsol溶解焓dissolutionenthalpy溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wettingangle萨克尔－泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrodeequation 三相点triplepoint三相平衡线triple-phaseline熵entropy熵判据entropycriterion熵增原理principleofentropyincrease渗透压osmoticpressure渗析法dialyticprocess生成反应formationreaction升华热heatofsublimation实际气体realgas舒尔采－哈迪规则Schulze-Hardyrule松驰力relaxationforce松驰时间timeofrelaxation速度常数reactionrateconstant速率方程rateequations速率控制步骤ratedeterminingstep塔费尔公式Tafelequation态－态反应state-statereactions唐南平衡Donnanequilibrium淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Troutonrule特性粘度intrinsicviscosity体积功volumework统计权重statisticalweight统计热力学statisticthermodynamics统计熵statisticentropy途径path途径函数pathfunction外扩散控制externaldiffusioncontrol完美晶体perfectcrystalline完全气体perfectgas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Westonstandardbattery维恩效应Wieneffect维里方程virialequation维里系数virialcoefficient稳流过程steadyflowprocess稳态近似法stationarystateapproximation 无热溶液athermalsolution无限稀溶液solutionsinthelimitofextremedilution物理化学PhysicalChemistry物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorptionisostere吸附等温线adsorptionisotherm吸附等压线adsorptionisobar吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extentofadsorption吸附热heatofadsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolutionordepositionpotential析因子性质propertythatpartitionfunctiontobeexpressedasaproductof 稀溶液的依数性colligativepropertiesofdilutesolutions稀释焓dilutionenthalpy系统system系统点systempoint系统的环境environmentofsystem相phase相变phasechange相变焓enthalpyofphasechange相变化phasechange相变热heatofphasechange相点phasepoint相对挥发度relativevolatility相对粘度relativeviscosity相律phaserule相平衡热容heatcapacityinphaseequilibrium相图phasediagram相倚子系统systemofdependentparticles悬浮液suspension循环过程cyclicprocess压力商pressurequotient压缩因子compressibilityfactor压缩因子图diagramofcompressibilityfactor亚稳状态metastablestate盐桥saltbridge盐析saltingout阳极anode杨氏方程Young’sequation液体接界电势liquidjunctionpotential液相线liquidphaselines一级反应firstorderreaction一级相变firstorderphasechange依时计量学反应timedependentstoichiometricreactions逸度fugacity逸度系数coefficientoffugacity阴极cathode荧光fluorescence永动机perpetualmotionmachine永久气体Permanentgas有效能availableenergy原电池primarycell原盐效应salteffect增比粘度specificviscosity憎液溶胶lyophobicsol沾湿adhesionalwetting沾湿功theworkofadhesionalwetting真溶液truesolution真实电解质realelectrolyte真实气体realgas真实迁移数truetransferencenumber振动配分函数partitionfunctionofvibration振动特征温度characteristictemperatureofvibration 蒸气压下降depressionofvaporpressure正常沸点normalpoint正吸附positiveadsorption支链反应branchedchainreactions直链反应straightchainreactions指前因子pre-exponentialfactor质量作用定律massactionlaw制冷系数coefficientofrefrigeration中和热heatofneutralization轴功shaftwork转动配分函数partitionfunctionofrotation转动特征温度characteristictemperatureofvibration 转化率convertratio转化温度conversiontemperature状态state状态方程stateequation状态分布statedistribution状态函数statefunction准静态过程quasi-staticprocess准一级反应pseudofirstorderreaction自动催化作用auto-catalysis自由度degreeoffreedom自由度数numberofdegreeoffreedom自由焓freeenthalpy自由能freeenergy自由膨胀freeexpansion组分数componentnumber最低恒沸点lowerazeotropicpoint最高恒沸点upperazeotropicpoint最佳反应温度optimalreactiontemperature 最可几分布mostprobabledistribution最可几速率mostpropablespeed化学专业术语英语对照来源：发布时间：2011年4月7日爆炸界限explosionlimits霍根-华森图Hougen-WatsonChart德拜和法尔肯哈根效应DebyeandFalkenhageneffect德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’slimitingequation 德拜立方公式Debyecubicformula聚沉值coagulationvalue聚沉coagulation聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte精馏rectify键焓bondenthalpy触变thixotropy解离化学吸附dissociationchemicaladsorption简并度degeneracy感胶离子序lyotropicseries催化剂catalyst隔离法theisolationmethod隔离系统isolatedsystem道尔顿定律Daltonlaw道尔顿分压定律Daltonpartialpressurelaw超电势overpotential缔合化学吸附associationchemicaladsorption等温等容位Helmholtzfreeenergy等温等压位Gibbsfreeenergy等温方程equationatconstanttemperature等焓线isenthalpicline等焓过程isenthalpicprocess等几率定理theoremofequalprobability焦耳定律Joule';slaw焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomsoneffect焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomsonexperiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomsoncoefficient焦耳Joule敞开系统opensystem菲克扩散第一定律Fick’sfirstlawofdiffusion 粗分散系统thickdispersesystem第三定律熵third-lawentropy第二类永动机perpetualmachineofthesecondkind 第一类永动机perpetualmachineofthefirstkind 盖斯定律Hesslaw盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussaclaw焓enthalpy混合熵entropyofmixing混合物mixture接触角contactangle接触电势contactpotential弹式量热计bombcalorimeter常见术语基态能级energylevelatgroundstate基希霍夫公式Kirchhoffformula基元反应elementaryreactions高会溶点upperconsolutepoint高分子溶液macromolecularsolution胶凝作用demulsification胶核colloidalnucleus胶束micelle胶冻brothjelly胶体粒子colloidalparticles胶体化学collochemistry胶体分散系统dispersionsystemofcolloid胶体colloid胶团micelle积分溶解热integrationheatofdissolution盎萨格电导理论Onsager’stheoryofconductance爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokesequation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’slawofphotochemicalequivalence 浸湿功immersionwettingwork浸湿immersionwetting格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’slaw根均方速率root-mean-squarespeed费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Diracstatistics绝热量热计adiabaticcalorimeter绝热指数adiabaticindex绝热过程adiabaticprocess绝对熵absoluteentropy绝对温标absolutetemperaturescale绝对反应速率理论absolutereactionratetheory结晶热heatofcrystallization结线tieline科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’sLawofIndependentMigrationofIons 界面张力surfacetension界面interfaces玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einsteinstatistics玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmannentropytheorem玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmannconstant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmanndistribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmannformula独立子系统independentparticlesystem活度activity活化控制activationcontrol活化能activationenergy活化络合物理论activatedcomplextheory标准熵standardentropy标准摩尔燃烧焓standardmolarcombustionenthalpy标准摩尔熵standardmolarentropy标准摩尔焓函数standardmolarenthalpyfunction标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standardmolarGibbsfreeenergyfunction 标准摩尔生成焓standardmolarformationenthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standardmolarformationGibbsfunction标准摩尔反应熵standardmolarreactionentropy标准摩尔反应焓standardmolarreactionenthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standardGibbsfunctionofmolarreaction 标准氢电极standardhydrogenelectrode标准态standardstate标准状况standardcondition标准压力standardpressure标准电极电势standardelectrodepotential标准电动势standardelectromotiveforce标准平衡常数standardequilibriumconstant柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbslaw查理定律Charle’slaw挥发度volatility恒容摩尔热容molarheatcapacityatconstantvolume恒容热heatatconstantvolume恒沸混合物constantboilingmixture恒压摩尔热容molarheatcapacityatconstantpressure恒压热heatatconstantpressure恒外压constantexternalpressure封闭系统closedsystem复合反应compositereaction饱和蒸气压saturatedvaporpressure饱和蒸气saturatedvapor饱和液体saturatedliquids饱和吸附量saturatedextentofadsorption非基元反应non-elementaryreactions非依时计量学反应timeindependentstoichiometricreactions 非体积功non-volumework规定熵stipulatedentropy表面活性剂surfactants表面质量作用定律surfacemassactionlaw表面张力surfacetension表面吸附量surfaceexcess表面过程控制surfaceprocesscontrol表面surfaces表观摩尔质量apparentmolecularweight表观活化能apparentactivationenergy表观迁移数apparenttransferencenumber范德华常数vanderWaalsconstant范德华气体vanderWaalsgases范德华方程vanderWaalsequation范德华力vanderWaalsforce范特霍夫渗透压公式van’tHoffequationofosmoticpressure 范特霍夫规则van’tHoffrule范特霍夫方程van’tHoffequation环境熵变entropychangeinenvironment环境environment波义尔温度Boyletemperature波义尔点Boylepoint波义尔定律Boylelaw法拉第常数faradayconstant法拉第定律Faraday’slaw泊Poise沸点升高elevationofboilingpoint沸点boilingpoint构型熵configurationalentropy定域子系统localizedparticlesystem定容摩尔热容molarheatcapacityunderconstantvolume定容温度计ConstantvoIumethermometer定压摩尔热容molarheatcapacityunderconstantpressure定压温度计constantpressurethermometer孤立系统isolatedsystem固溶胶solidsol固相线solidphaseline固态混合物solidsolution单链反应straightchainreactions单分子层吸附理论monomoleculelayeradsorption 单分子反应unimolecularreaction附加压力excesspressure阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrheniusactivationenergy阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrheniusionizationtheory 阿累尼乌斯方程Arrheniusequation阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadrolaw阿马格定律Amagatlaw沉降电势sedimentationpotential沉降平衡sedimentationequilibrium沉降sedimentation极限摩尔电导率limitingmolarconductivity极化作用polarization极化曲线polarizationcurves极化电极电势polarizationpotentialofelectrode杠杆规则leverrule低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric低共熔混合物eutecticmixture低共熔点eutecticpoint低会溶点lowerconsolutepoint亨利常数Henryconstant亨利定律Henrylaw过程process过渡状态理论transitionstatetheory过热液体overheatedliquid过饱和蒸气oversaturatedvapor过饱和溶液oversaturatedsolution过冷液体overcooledliquid过冷水super-cooledwater负极negativepole负吸附negativeadsorption安托万常数Antoineconstant安托万方程Antoineequation多方过程polytropicprocess多分子层吸附理论adsorptiontheoryofmulti-molecularlayers 吉布斯函数判据Gibbsfunctioncriterion吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhemequation吉布斯吸附公式Gibbsadsorptionformula吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotzequation 吉氏函数Gibbsfunction动力学控制kineticscontrol动力学方程kineticequations共轭溶液conjugatesolution共沸温度azeotropictemperature光谱熵spectrum entropy光敏反应photosensitizedreactions光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律thesecondlawofactinochemistry 光化学第一定律thefirstlawofactinochemistry 价数规则ruleofvalence产率yield亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtzfunctioncriterion 亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtzfunction亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtzfreeenergy亥氏函数Helmholtzfunction节流膨胀系数coefficientofthrottlingexpansion 节流膨胀throttlingexpansion节流过程throttlingprocess艾林方程Eryingequation电解池electrolyticcell电量计coulometer电渗析electrodialysis电渗electroosmosis电流效率currentefficiency电泳electrophoresis电极种类typeofelectrodes电极电势electrodepotential电极反应reactionsontheelectrode电迁移率electromobility电迁移electromigration电池常数cellconstant电池电动势electromotiveforceofcells电池反应cellreaction电导率conductivity电导conductance电动势的温度系数temperaturecoefficientofelectromotiveforce 电动电势zetapotential电功electricwork电化学极化electrochemicalpolarization电化学electrochemistry甘汞电极calomelelectrode弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlichempiricalformulaofadsorption 布朗运动brownianmovement对称数symmetrynumber对应状态原理principleofcorrespondingstate对行反应reversiblereactions对比摩尔体积reducedmolevolume对比温度reducedtemperature对比体积reducedvolume对比压力reducedpressure卡诺循环Carnotcycle卡诺定理Carnottheorem半衰期halftimeperiod半电池halfcell功函workcontent功work计量系数stoichiometriccoefficient计量式stoichiometricequation比浓粘度reducedviscosity比表面吉布斯函数specificsurfaceGibbsfunction比表面功specificsurfacework开尔文公式Kelvinformula反渗透reverseosmosis反应速率常数constantofreactionrate反应速率rateofreaction反应热heatofreaction反应进度extentofreaction反应级数reactionorders反应分子数molecularity反电动势back化学热力学chemicalthermodynamics化学亲合势chemicalaffinity化学势判据chemicalpotentialcriterion化学势chemicalpotential化学吸附chemisorptions化学动力学chemicalkinetics化学反应进度extentofchemicalreaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometriccoefficientofchemicalreaction 化学反应计量式stoichiometricequationofchemicalreaction分解电压decompositionvoltage分散相dispersionphase分散系统dispersesystem分配定律distributionlaw分体积定律partialvolumelaw分体积partialvolume分压定律partialpressurelaw分压partialpressure分布数distributionnumbers分布distribution分子蒸馏moleculardistillation分子间力intermolecularforce分子反应力学mechanicsofmolecularreactions不可逆相变化irreversiblephasechange不可逆过程热力学thermodynamicsofirreversibleprocesses 不可逆过程irreversibleprocess广度性质extensiveproperty广延量extensivequantity广延性质extensiveproperty几率因子stericfactor二级相变secondorderphasechange二级反应secondorderreaction丁达尔效应Dyndalleffectζ电势zetapotentialpVT性质pVTpropertyHLB法hydrophile-lipophilebalancemethodDLVO理论DLVOtheoryBET公式BETformula可能的电解质potentialelectrolyte可逆电池reversiblecell可逆过程reversibleprocess可逆过程方程reversibleprocessequation可逆体积功reversiblevolumework可逆相变reversiblephasechange克拉佩龙方程Clapeyronequation克劳修斯不等式Clausiusinequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyronequation控制步骤controlstep库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusioncontrolled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’sequation拉乌尔定律Raoultlaw兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwoodmechanism 兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuiradsorptionisothermformula 雷利公式Rayleighequation冷冻系数coefficientofrefrigeration冷却曲线coolingcurve离解热heatofdissociation离解压力dissociationpressure离域子系统non-localizedparticlesystems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standardmolarformationofion离子的电迁移率mobilityofions离子的迁移数transportnumberofions离子独立运动定律lawoftheindependentmigrationofions离子氛ionicatmosphere离子强度ionicstrength理想混合物perfectmixture理想气体idealgas理想气体的绝热指数adiabaticindexofidealgases理想气体的微观模型micro-modelofidealgas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermalequationofidealgaseousreactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabaticreversibleprocessequationofidealgase 理想气体状态方程stateequationofidealgas理想稀溶液idealdilutesolution理想液态混合物perfectliquidmixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partitionfunctionofparticles连串反应consecutivereactions链的传递物chaincarrier链反应chainreactions量热熵calorimetricentropy量子统计quantumstatistics量子效率quantumyield临界参数criticalparameter临界常数criticalconstant临界点criticalpoint临界胶束浓度criticalmicelleconcentration临界摩尔体积criticalmolarvolume临界温度criticaltemperature临界压力criticalpressure临界状态criticalstate零级反应zeroorderreaction流动电势streamingpotential流动功flowwork笼罩效应cageeffect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randallruleoffugacity 露点dewpoint露点线dewpointline麦克斯韦关系式Maxwellrelations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwelldistributionofspeeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistributionofenergy毛细管凝结condensationincapillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelisconstant摩尔电导率molarconductivity摩尔反应焓molarreactionenthalpy摩尔混合熵moleentropyofmixing摩尔气体常数molargasconstant摩尔热容molarheatcapacity摩尔溶解焓moledissolutionenthalpy摩尔稀释焓moledilutionenthalpy内扩散控制internaldiffusionscontrol内能internalenergy内压力internalpressure能级energylevels能级分布energyleveldistribution能量均分原理principleoftheequipartitionofenergy 能斯特方程Nernstequation能斯特热定理Nernstheattheorem凝固点freezingpoint凝固点降低loweringoffreezingpoint凝固点曲线freezingpointcurve凝胶gelatin凝聚态condensedstate凝聚相condensedphase浓差超电势concentrationover-potential浓差极化concentrationpolarization浓差电池concentrationcells帕斯卡pascal泡点bubblepoint泡点线bubblepointline配分函数partitionfunction配分函数的析因子性质propertythatpartitionfunctiontobeexpressedasap roductoftheseparatepartitionfunctionsforeachkindofstate碰撞截面collisioncrosssection碰撞数thenumberofcollisions偏摩尔量partialmolequantities平衡常数（理想气体反应）equilibriumconstantsforreactionsofidealgases 平动配分函数partitionfunctionoftranslation平衡分布equilibriumdistribution平衡态equilibriumstate平衡态近似法equilibriumstateapproximation平衡状态图equilibriumstatediagram平均活度meanactivity平均活度系统meanactivitycoefficient平均摩尔热容meanmolarheatcapacity平均质量摩尔浓度meanmassmolarity平均自由程meanfreepath平行反应parallelreactions破乳demulsification铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universalvanderWaalsequation。