气提式内循环反应器处理生活污水的试验研究——毕业论文硕士研究生学位论文新疆大学论文题目(中文)：气提式内循环反应器处理生活污水的试验研究论文题目(外文)：Experimental Study on DomesticSewage Treatment by an Internal-loopAir-lift Bioreactor研究生姓名：学科、专业：环境科学研究方向：环境管理导师姓名职称：论文答辩日期： 2010 年 5 月 19 日学位授予日期：年月日摘要气提式内循环反应器是以传统生物流化床为基础的一种新型好氧生物处理工艺，该反应器吸取了化工操作中的流态紊动技术，具有污泥负荷高，抗冲击负荷能力强，结构紧凑，占地面小等特点。
本文对气提式内循环反应器的工作原理进行了阐述，总结了气提式内循环反应器的国内外研究现状及其在污水处理行业中的应用。
试验采用气提式内循环反应器处理生活污水，利用正交实验确定反应器的最优参数，研究了反应器对COD、NH4+-N、SS、TN、TP等主要污染物的去除效果，并对反应器的抗冲击负荷能力以及活性污泥特性进行了研究。
试验研究结果表明：1、通过正交实验得出气提式内循环反应器最佳运行参数为HRT10h，QL 0.55m3/h，SRT5d，该工况下气提反应器出水COD、NH4+-N和SS的去除率分别为90.17%、91.45%和91.85%，出水水质符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）二级标准。
2、试验过程中，COD进水浓度最小值为229.71mg/L，最大值为595.69mg/L，平均浓度值为375.71mg/L。
气提反应器COD去除率维持在64.24-94.43%，平均去除率为81.24%。
COD出水浓度稳定，保持在33.16-96.17mg/L之间，平均出水浓度为63.24mg/L。
污泥负荷平均为1.05kgCOD/（kgMLSS·d），高于一般好氧生物处理工艺。
3、气提式内循环反应器对SS的去除率维持在87.72-93.35%之间，平均去除率为89.87%。
由正交实验结果可知，影响气提反应器出水SS浓度的主次顺序为SRT＞QL＞HRT，即泥龄是主要影响因素，其次是曝气量，影响最小的是水力停留时间。
4、气提式内循环反应器的脱氮除磷能力高于一般生物处理工艺。
反应器TN、TP进水幅度分别为58.03-73.54mg/L与5.34-19.19mg/L，平均TN去除率达55.61%，高于一般生物处理工艺的20%-40%，平均TP去除率为57.72%，高于一般生物处理工艺的15%-20%。
5、试验通过人为添加蔗糖的方法考察气提反应器抗水质冲击负荷能力，结果表明，在气提反应器COD平均进水浓度为707.56mg/L的情况下，出水COD浓度保持在77.28-128.65mg/L，平均出水浓度为93.92mg/L，COD去除率保持在84.95-89.66%，平均去除率为86.11%。
可见，即使进水COD浓度出现较大幅度的增加，气提反应器对COD依然保持着较高的去除率。
6、气提式内循环反应器SV与SVI平均值分别为15%、93，试验还发现，SV曲线与SVI曲线有相似的变化趋势，随着时间的推移愈加明显，表明气提反应器活性污泥的稳定也得到加强。
关键词：气提式内循环反应器；生活污水；正交实验；污泥特性AbstractInternal-loop air-lift bioreactor is a new aerobic biotreatment reactor based on traditional bio-fluidized bed, which absorbed disorderly fluidization from chemical manipulation with the character of high sludge load, strong anti-shock loading capability and compact structure. This paper summarized the operational principle of the internal-loop air-lift bioreactor and its progress at home and abroad. Experiment applied internal-loop air-lift bioreactor treating domestic sewage, and the results revealed the optimal condition by the orthogonal+-N、SS、method. We also analyzed the removal efficiencies of COD、NH4TN and TP and studied the anti-shock loading capability and sludge characteristics of the internal-loop air-lift bioreactor.The results of experiment showed that:1. The orthogonal experimental results revealed the optimal conditions: the HRT was 10h,the Qwas 0.55m3/h and the SRT was 5d.TheLresult of experiment under those conditions shows that the average+-N and SS were 90.17%,91.45% and 91.85% removal rate of COD, NH4respectively which is qualified on the second class by Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant(GB 18918-2002).2. The maximum and minimum influent concentration of COD were 229.71mg/L and 595.69mg/L with the average of 375.71mg/L. The COD removal rate was between 64.24% and 94.43% with the average of 81.24% and the COD effluent concentration was between 33.16mg/L and 96.17mg/L with the average of 63.24mg/L. Results showed that the internal-loop air-lift bioreactor has the average sludge load of 1.05kgCOD/(kgMLSS·d), which is higher than the traditional biotreatment reactor.3. The SS removal rate was between 87.72% and 93.35% with the average of 89.87%. It revealed by orthogonal experimental results that the>HRT, sequence of the effect of the parameters to SS removal rate was SRT>QLwas secondary and that is to say the SRT was the dominant parameter, QLHRT affected least.4. The internal-loop air-lift bioreactor had higher capability of nitrogen and phosphorus removal than the traditional biotreatment bioreactor. The TN influent concentration was between 58.03mg/L and 73.54mg/L with the average removal rate of 55.61% which was higher than the traditional biotreatment bioreactor (20%-40%).The TP influent concentration was between 5.34mg/L and 19.19mg/L with the average removal rate of 57.72% which was also higher than the traditional biotreatment bioreactor (15%-20%).5. Anti-shock loading capability was studied by adding sucrose, and the result revealed that the COD effluent concentration was between 77.28mg/L and 128.65mg/L while the average COD influent concentration was 707.56mg/L, and the COD removal rate was between 84.85% and 89.66% with the average of 86.11%.The result also showed that the internal-loop air-lift bioreactor remained high COD removal rate in spite of the increase of the COD influent concentration.6. The average of SV and SVI were 15% and 93 respectively. The experimental result revealed that the SV curve and the SVI curve had the similar trend, and with the time going, this phenomenon was more obvious which indicated that the stability of activated sludge was enhanced. Key words：internal-loop air-lift bioreactor; domestic sewage; orthogonal experiment; sludge characteristics目录摘要 (I)Abstract (III)第一章绪论 (1)1.1 研究背景 (1)1.1.1 我国水资源及其利用现状 (1)1.1.2 我国水污染状况 (3)1.1.3 污水好氧生物处理新技术 (6)1.2 课题研究的目的 (9)1.3 课题来源及研究内容 (10)第二章气提式内循环反应器污水处理技术与理论 (11)2.1 气提反应器的发展及研究现状 (11)2.2 气提式内循环反应器污水处理原理142.3 气提式内循环反应器特性 (15)2.3.1 载体比表面积大 (15)2.3.2 容积负荷与污泥负荷高 (15)2.3.3 耐冲击负荷能力强 (16)2.3.4 结构紧凑，占地面积小 (16)第三章试验材料与方法 (17)3.1 试验装置与工艺流程 (17)3.1.1 试验装置 (17)3.1.2 工艺流程 (18)3.2 试验材料 (19)3.2.1 载体 (19)3.2.2 试验菌种及污水来源 (20)3.2.3 试验设备与仪器 (20)3.3 检测项目与分析方法 (22)3.4 试验过程设计 (24)3.4.1 最佳参数的选择 (24)3.4.2 抗冲击负荷试验 (24)3.4.3 活性污泥特性研究 (25)第四章试验运行过程与数据分析 (26)4.1 气提式内循环反应器的启动与挂膜264.2 正交实验因素及水平的选定 (27)4.3 最佳运行参数的选择 (31)4.4 气提式内循环反应器对COD的去除效果 (34)4.5 气提式内循环反应器对SS的去除效果 (35)4.6 气提式内循环反应器的脱氮除磷性能研究 (36)4.6.1 气提式内循环反应器的脱氮性能 (37)4.6.2 气提式内循环反应器的除磷性能 (41)4.7 气提式内循环反应器抗冲击负荷分析 (43)4.7.1 抗水力冲击负荷 (43)4.7.2 抗水质冲击负荷 (44)4.7.3 气提式内循环反应器的二次启动 (46)第五章气提式内循环反应器活性污泥特性分析 (48)5.1 活性污泥的外观结构和微生物种群的多样性分析 (48)5.2 活性污泥的MLSS、SV及SVI (53)5.3 活性污泥比耗氧呼吸速率SOUR (56)第六章结论与建议 (59)6.1 结论 (59)6.2 建议 (61)参考文献 (62)攻读硕士学位期间发表的学术论文 (66)致谢 (67)学位论文独创性声明 (68)学位论文知识产权权属声明 (68)第一章绪论1.1 研究背景1.1.1 我国水资源及其利用现状水是地球上分布最广的物质，是人类最宝贵的自然资源，是地球上一切生命赖以生存不可缺少的基本物质，也是人类生产和生活以及社会可持续发展的物质基础。