非谓语动词作状语一不定式作状语(to)do/not(to)do1表目的He sat down to have a rest.They went there to visit their teacher.2.表示结果He is old enough to go to school.。
She is too tired to do the job.。
表出乎意料的结果：______________He woke up only/just to find everybody gone.他醒来发现大家都走了。
3表示原因在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。
如：I am very glad to see you.I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.4.强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to do(为了)或so as to(以便)+do。
注意：so as to不用于句首。
He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.In order to pick up passengers,the bus stopped。
5.修饰全句，独立成分To tell you the truth,I have got no money about me.To be honest,I know nothing about it.二分词作状语分词作状语1．分词作状语的基本原则:(1)分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
(2)分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，主动doing，被动done例句：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
Hearing the news,they got excited.(时间)Be careful while/when crossing the street.(时间)Having been bitten by a snake,she was frightened at it.(原因)Given a chance,I can surprise the world.(条件)The cup dropped to the ground,breaking into pieces.(结果)Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随状况)例句：(1)Having worked there for30years,Haydn moved to London先后(2)Having been knocked down by the car for so long,the old man was sent tothe hospital.(3)Not having finished his work,he had to work extra hours at night.因为没有完成工作，他不得不晚上额外加班。
3.with+名词/代词to do/doing/done4过去分词done形式的形容词作状语。
注意：done形式非动词，而是状态类形容词。
Tired of so much homework,he got away from his class.Lost in deep thought,he said nothing.5连词+doing/doneOnce asked,I have nothing to say.While talking with them,the boy fell down.6．分词独立主格形式：名词/代词+doing/done,句子….句子….,名词/代词+doing/done7.独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。
常见的有：Generally speaking…一般说来Frankly speaking…坦白地说Judging from…根据……来判断Considering…考虑到……三．非谓语题的解题总方法与思路：词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
；如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。
用完成式（to have done/to have been done/having done/Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do/to be done/doing/being done/done）。
突破难点实战演练1.A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,_____all fourpeople on board.A.killedB.killingC.killsD.to kill（上海）2.________many times,he finally understood it.（四川）A.ToldB.TellingC.Having toldD.Having been told3.The children all turned______the famous actress as she entered the classroom.（全国I）A.looked atB.to look atC.to looking atD.look at4.______the project in time,the staff were working at weekends.（天津）have completetill fly.D.tofarmers up wind farms on their land.（天津）A.Being encouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Having encouraged7.____twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.（北京）A.Being bittenB.BittenC.Having bittenD.To be bitten8.When we visited my old family home,memory came______back.（辽宁）A.floodingB.to floodC.floodD.flooded9.I arrived at the shop______I’d left all my money at home.A.only to findB.only findingC.only foundD.only having found10.,you need to give all you have and try your best.（辽宁）A.Being a winnerB.To be a winnerC.Be a winnerD.Having been a winner 11．More highways have been built in China,___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.A.makingB.madeC.to makeD.having madeBoston and______what to do about his future.（湖南）A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered18.Every evening after dinner,if not______from work,I will spend sometime walking my dog.（湖南）A.being tiredB.tiringC.tiredD.to be tired19.______and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A.To be triedB.TiredC.TiringD.Being tired(浙江)20._______a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receivingB.Receiving notC.Not having receivedD.Having not received21．__________，he can't go out for a walk as usual．A．With so much work to do B．With so much work doingC．With so much work done D．Without so much work to do22．All things__________，the plan trip will have to be called off．A．be considered B．consideredC．considering D．having considering23.She stood there,_____from her cheeks.A.tears'rolling downB.tears rolled downC.with tears rolled downD.tears rolling down24.With a lot of difficult problems_________,the manager felt worried all the time.a.to settleb.settlec.settledd.settling25.________,the flowers will not die.A.If watering B if watered C unless watered D unless was watered。