组织学与胚胎学 实验报告指定主题:实验一 、上皮组织 基本组织1报告主题:假复层纤毛柱状上皮 主题属性:指定 标本号:27# 染色:HE 染色教学要求:掌握假复层纤毛柱状上皮得光镜结构特征光镜下可见假复层纤毛柱状上皮得各种上皮细胞界限不清,细胞核染蓝紫色,高矮不一,其中柱状细胞最多,游离面有大量纤毛,柱状细胞之前常夹有杯状细胞,其底部狭窄,顶部膨大,细胞核深染。
所有细胞得基底膜均附着在基膜上,即使细胞核高低不齐排列,形似复杯状细胞 Goblet cell结缔组织 Connective Tissue纤毛 Cilium层,实为单层。
Then visible pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of epithelial cell line is not clear, the nucleus dyed purple blue, height is differ, the columnar cells most, free surface has a lot of ciliated columnar cells, before often clip has goblet cell, its bottom is narrow, the top swollen, with hyperchromatic nuclei 、 All the cells of the basement membrane are attached on the basement membrane, whose nucleus are irregular, and the shape see as pound layer, and it is a single 、实验二 结缔组织 基本组织2报告主题:骨单位 主题属性:指定 标本号:6# 材料:骨切片染色:Schmorl 氏法块染教学要求:掌握骨组织得结构图2骨单位(骨切片,Schmorl 氏法块染,40×100)Figure 2 osteon (osseous smear,Schmorl stained,40×100)骨单位位于内外环骨板之间,数量最多,中央为圆心得中央管,中央管与穿通管相通,数层同心圆排列得骨板围绕中央管。
在骨单位之间,有一些不规则排列得间骨板,其中无血管通道,在骨板之间或骨板中可见黄色小腔,即骨陷窝。
Osteon is located in the inside and outside ring bone plate between, the largest中央管 Central canal骨板 Osteon lamella间骨板 Interstitial lamellanumber, the central to the right of the central tube, the central tube and piercedtube are interlinked, layers of concentric arrangement of the bone plate aroundthe central canal、 There are some interstitial lamellae between osteon, whichhas no vascular channels, in the bone plate or between bone plate visible yellowsmall cavities, named lacuna、实验三、肌组织与神经组织实验二基本组织3报告主题:心肌主题属性:指定标本号:12#材料:人心肌切片染色:HE染色教学要求:观察人心肌得结构特点,掌握其判断依据闰盘Intercalateddisk图3 心肌(人心肌切片,HE染色,40×100)Figure 3 Cardiac muscle(human cardiac muscle smear,HE stained 40×100)多数心肌纤维有一个细胞核,少数有双核,核呈卵圆形,位于细胞中央。
心肌纤维得连接处称闰盘,且染色深。
心肌纤维呈明暗相间得周期性横纹,但由于其肌原纤维粗细不等,界限不明,因此横纹不如平滑肌那么清楚。
Most of the myocardial fibers have a nucleus, a few have dual-core, and nucleus is oval, located in the central cell、 The joint of the myocardial fibers calledintercalated disc, and deep dyeing、 The myocardial fibers are light and shadeand periodic horizontal lines, but as a result of its myofibril differentthicknesses of the unknown, so horizontal stripes as smooth muscle so clear 、基本组织4报告主题:多级神经元 主题属性:指定 标本号:9#材料:小牛脊髓及神经节 染色:HE 染色教学要求:观察脊髓前角多级神经元得结构特点,掌握其判断依据图4 多级神经元(小牛脊髓切片,HE 染色,40×100)多级神经元细胞核有大、圆,亮得特点,胞体与突起中可见到许多紫蓝色得不规则得小斑块,即尼氏体。
突起从胞体发出,一个神经元有多个树突,一个轴突,因此轴突很难切到,不容易瞧见。
Multistage neurons nuclei have big, round, bright characteristics, cell and bumps in the visible to many purple blue irregular small patches, namely the Nissl body 、 Flash from the cell body out, a neuron have multiple dendrite, an axon, so it is difficult to cut the axon, which is not easy to see 、实验四 消化管 中空性器官1报告主题:空肠绒毛尼氏体 Nissl body树突 Dendrit细胞核 Nucleus 神经胶质细胞得细胞核主题属性:指定标本号:19#材料:猫空肠横切片染色:HE染色教学要求:掌握空肠得结构特征与判断依据,特别注意肠绒毛与肠腺得结构)纹状缘Striated border单层柱状上皮Simplecolumnarepithelium平滑肌Smooth muscle图5 空肠绒毛(猫空肠横切片,HE 染色,40×100)Figure5 jejunum villi(cat jejunum transverse section, HE stained 40×100)空肠绒毛上皮由吸收细胞、杯状细胞与少量内分泌细胞组成。
吸收细胞数量最多,呈高柱状,核长椭圆型,位于基部,细胞游离有深染层,称纹状缘。
绒毛中轴得固有层为细密结缔组织,其内常可见纵行得平滑肌、丰富毛细血管、1~2条中央乳糜管(多数未切到)及大量淋巴细胞。
The epithelium of Jejunum villi is posed of absorption, goblet cell and a small amount of endocrine cells、 The largest number of absorptive cells, a tallcolumnar, nuclear long elliptic, is located in the base, cell free havehyperchromatic layer, called striated border、 Villi axis of the lamina propriafor fine connective tissue, it often visible longitudinal done smooth muscle,rich capillaries, 1 ~ 2 a central lacteal (most not cut) and a large number oflymphocytes、实验五消化管以外得其她中空性器官中空性器官2报告主题:中等动脉 主题属性:指定 标本号:10#材料:狗中等动、静脉横切片 染色:HE 染色教学要求:掌握中等动脉得结构特点jLhHP 。
图6 中等动脉 (狗中等动脉横切片,HE 染色, 40×100)Figure 6 medium-sized artery (dog medium-sized artery and vein transverse section smear ,HE stained 40×100)在高倍镜下,可见内弹性膜为一条呈波浪状得折光性强得粉红色亮带,它就是内膜与中膜得分界标志,中膜较厚,由数十层平滑肌纤维组成,因此中动脉也称肌性动脉。
外膜由疏松结缔组织构成,多数中动脉得外膜与中膜之间有明显得外弹性膜。
At high magnification, internal elastic membrane is a wavy refraction sex strong pink light band, which is the border of tunica media and tunica adventitia 、tunica media is consist of dozens of layer of the smooth muscle fibers, so the artery is also called the muscular artery 、 External elastic membrane is posed of loose connective tissue, the majority of the artery; there is obvious elastic membrane between tunica media and tunica adventitia 、实验六 免疫系统内膜 Tunica intima中膜 Tunica media外膜 Tunica adventitia内弹性膜 Internal elastic Membrane外弹性膜External elastic membrane实质性器官1报告主题:淋巴结主题属性:指定标本号:13#材料:狗淋巴结切片染色:HE 染色被膜Envelope淋巴小结Lymphoidnodule深皮质Deep cortex髓索Medullarycord髓质Medulla图7 淋巴结 (狗淋巴结切片,HE染色 ,40×100)Figure 7 Lymphoid node (Dog lymphoid smear , HE stained ,40×100)淋巴结多呈扁平豆形或者卵圆形,表面有薄层结缔组织被膜,伸入实质形成小梁,小梁互相连接成网。