英汉翻译教案 篇章的翻译
Low-context communication is like a computer program; everything must be specified in the coded message or the computer program will not run. In a lowcontext culture like the United States, individuals must express themselves as explicitly as possible for effective communication to occur. high-context communication, in contrast, is like communication between twins who were raised together. Twins intuitively understand each other and use shortened sentences and words when they talk.
张炜:精神的背景 张炜:精神的背景——消费时代的写作和出版 消费时代的写作和出版 ——2003年8月在烟台出版咨询年会上的发言
9.1.2 英汉篇章结构对比
英语篇章: 主题----段落 (层层递进;直线 展开) 汉语篇章: 不同层面,同一论点, (螺旋形上升)
英语篇章
Intercultural communication is an interdisciplinary field of study which incorporates research from disciplines such as social psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, socio-linguistics, and, of course, communication. One of the most important areas of research addressed by intercultural scholars is how misunderstandings can be minimized when people communicate with others from different cultures.
9.2.2
省略
汉语按语境省略:主 语、领属语、中心语、 关联词和动词谓语等。
英語: 按語法形式 省略形式: 所有格、形 容词、介词等后面的 名词; 助动词、不定 式等后面的动词;联 系动词后面的表语; 主谓一致时的主语或 谓语等。
英译汉
1. Histories make men wise; poets[…] witty; the mathematics […] subtle; natural philosophy […] deep; moral […] grave; logic and rhetoric […] able to contend. 2. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as […] by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as […] of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be […] of books or […] of men
译文
不同文化之间的交流是一门跨学科的研究 科目,它综合研究社会心理学、社会学、人文 人类学、社会语言学以及传播学等学科。研究 不同文化之间交流的学问,最重要的研究课题 之一就是不同文化背景的人交往的时候,如何 尽可能减少误解。 首先,了解背景情况对不同文化之间的交 流非常重要。人与人之间的交往有两种情况: 一种是外向的,另一种是含蓄的。
4. On snowy evenings, we children often sat around the heating stove by grandpa, listening to him reading poems and watching his busy ruddy lips.
First, context is very important to understanding intercultural communication. There are two ways individuals use context in communication: one is low-context and the other is high-context.
第九章:英汉篇章的翻译
9.1英汉篇章对比
英语篇章: 开门见山,直奔主题 章法:introduction body conclusion 汉语篇章: 迂回曲折,委婉含蓄。 章法:起承转合
9.1.1 英汉段落结构ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ比
英语段落:
key sentence
key sentence
by example
by space by contrast
by cause and effect
例证方式展开
Many examples of a connection between “right” and “straight” can be found. In Mexican Spanish you indicate straight (ahead) by saying “right right”; in Black American English, “right on” is an expression of approval, often for a sentiment eloquently or deftly phrased. “Straight” meaning conventional, “correct” or “proper” is a commonplace in colloquial English today. In Russian, right is “prava”, a cognate of “pravda”, which means “true”. And in many languages “true” has the additional meaning of “straight” or “accurate”, as in “his aim was true”.
例句
阿米許人也被稱為”大地的子民”將大部份 的土地用來耕種,遵照上帝要求他子民的信仰成為 〝萬物天地的看守者〞, 阿米許人不把耕種當作是 財富而視為替上帝作事, 阿米許人相信經由播種、 耕耘及收獲的循環,能學習到紀律、認真工作及管 理的基本原則.很重要的是在自然的因素下往往會 使人們在豐收的過程中學習到謙卑,更會使人在上 帝及大自然的面前更顯微小,對許多阿米許人來說 農田能帶給每一個家庭溫飽與穩定,每一代的農人 都必須認真耕耘這塊土地留給下一代的人. Amish society
译句
1。读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学 使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人 庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辨。 2。要了解一个人,可以看他交什么样的 朋友,可以看他看什么样的书,因为有 的人跟人交朋友,有的人跟书交朋友, 但不管跟人交朋友还是跟书交朋友,都 应该教好朋友。
汉译英
3. 漫步山间时,[…]听得四处竹林间的淙 淙泉声,众多的细泉汇成一条狭长而深 邃的小溪,顺山势而下,及至悬崖处, 猛然跌落二三丈,形成一瀑布,水珠飞 溅,凉透肌肤。 4. 所以每每在大雪中的黄昏里,[…] 围 着暖炉,围着祖父,听着祖父读着诗篇, 看着祖父读着诗篇时微红的嘴唇。
续
外向的就象是计算机的程序,一切都按 照编好的程序进行,否则就运转不了。 美国的文化是外向型的,美国人表达自 己思想的时候尽可能简单明了,以有利 于传播或交流。与此相反的是同含蓄的 人交流,这种交流就象是在一起的孪生 兄弟姐妹之间的交往。因为他们心领神 会,谈话时只需简短的句子和言词。
汉语篇章
近二十年来,随着世界的窗口日益打开, 各种熏风长驱直入。成长在五四之后的几代人 没有国学根柢,在激烈的吹摇下很容易连根拔 脱。整整几代人进入了精神游移期,他们已没 有方位感,没有立足点。如果说五四以后接受 了一些西方文化,那也仅是只鳞片爪,更谈不 上什么根基。我们知道西方的基督教文化是同 样丰厚的、西方文明的资源也是同样复杂的。 就是说,五四以后,在文化上我们两头都不着 边际,无论是西方的还是中国传统的,整整一 代或两代人都所知甚少。这里真正是割裂的一 代、断开的一代。
译文
3. Strolling along the path, you can hear springs singing everywhere in the bamboo forest. A number of little springs assemble into a narrow but deep little river, which runs along the mountainside. When it meets a small cliff, it falls down eight or nine metres, forming a thin water curtain. The cool drops fly about and splash over your skin.
9.2 段内连贯 9.2.1 替代与重复
英语: 重替代(段落层 面) 替代: 代词, 同义词, 近义词,代替句型 英译汉: 替代 重复 汉语: 重重复(段落层 面) 重复: 相同的词语 汉译英: 重复 替代
例句
I first heard this story in India, where it is told as if true—though any naturalist would know it could not be. Later I learned that a magazine version of it appeared shortly before the First World War. This account, and its author, I have never been able to track down.