英文合同翻译2007年02月27日星期二12:05引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。
合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。
一.hereby英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。
语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。
注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此(2) covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中指工程的总造价,合同总价(5)the Contract Price:(6) such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例2：We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to providedo-cumentary proof upon your request.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中（5）documentary proof：证明文件参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。
例3：T his Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B) on (Date), in (Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下称甲方（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上（4）through amicable consultation：通过友好协商参考译文：，在平等互利基础上，通过友公司（以下称乙方）公司（以下称甲方）与本合同双方，好协商，于年月日在中国（地点），特签订本合同。
例4：This agreement is hereby made and entered into on (Date), by and between Co. China (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B).注释：（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此订立本协议在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：4按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述, sign (make, conclude or enter into) this agreement个动词中的两个来表示）。
hereinafter referred to as Party B：以下简称乙方）（2 参考译文：日订立。
本协议特由中国公司（以下简称甲方）与公司（以下简称乙方）于年月provided that 十七但规定，规定；但是释义:常用于在合同的某一条款中需要作进一步规定时，或在作规定时语气上表示转折时。
用法:的在中译英时，要注意该词组的使用。
有时从中文上看，尽管没有“但规定”“进一步规定”，但，在中译英时，尽管中文中没有“。
参见例词语，但英文写作时，应加上“provided that”4，但根据上下文可看出在同一条款中包含了两个规定，后一句为对前一句的进一”规定如果步规定，因此英文应加上“provided that if”。
1例 a definite undertaking of the issuing bank. An irrevocable credit shall be deemed toconstitute terms, are the if stipulated documents presented and with the are complied that Providedconditions and provisions of the credit, and if the credit provides for sight payment, the paymentshall be made or shall be guaranteed to be made.注释：：不可撤销信用证an irrevocable credit1（）：应被认为构成开（shall be deemed to constitute a definite undertaking of the issuing bank2）证行的确定承诺provided that if the stipulated documents are presented and are complied with the terms,）3（．conditions and provisions of the credit：（但规定，）在提交了规定的单据并符合了信用证条款时（4）the credit provides for sight payment：即期付款信用证（5）the payment shall be made or shall be guaranteed to be made：则进行付款或保证该款的照付参考译文：不可撤销信用证，应被认为构成开证行的确定承诺。
在提交了规定的单据并符合了信用证条款时，如系即期付款信用证，则进行付款或保证该款的照付。
例2When an issuing bank authorizes or requests another bank to confirm its irrevocable credit andthe latter has added its confirmation, such confirmation constitutes a definite undertaking ofsuch bank (the confirming bank), in addition to that of the issuing bank. Provided that if the stipulated documents are presented and comply with the terms, conditions and provisions of the credit, and if the credit provides for sight payment, the payment will be made or shall be guaranteed to be made.注释：（1）issuing bank：开证行（2）the latter has added its confirmation：后者已照加保兑（3）the confirming bank：保兑行（4）provided that if the stipulated documents are presented and comply with the terms, conditions and provisions of the credit：（但规定，）在提交了规定的单据并符合了信用证条款时参考译文：当开证行授权或要求另一银行保兑其不可撤销信用证，而后者已照加保兑时，该保兑构成该银行（保兑行）在开证行承诺以外的确定承诺。
在提交了规定的单据并符合了信用证条款时，如系即期付款信用证，则进行付款或保证该款的照付。
例3A wholly state-owned company has no shareholders' meetings. The company's board of directorsstate-authorizedthe or institutioninvestment state-authorized the by authorized be shalldepartment to exercise part of the powers of the shareholders' meetings, and to decide on themajor issues of the company. Provided that if the decisions on merger, division, dissolution of the company, increase or decrease in capital and issue of corporate bonds shall be made and decided,the decisions in question shall be made by the state-authorized investment institution or thestate-authorized department注释：（1）wholly state-owned company：国有独资公司（2）has no shareholders' meetings：不设股东会（3）company's board of directors：公司董事会（4）major issues of the company：公司的重大事项（5）provided that if the decisions on merger, division, dissolution of the company, increase or decrease in capital and issue of corporate bonds：但关于公司的合并、分立、解散、增减资本和发行公司债券的决定（6）the state-authorized investment institution or the state-authorized department：国家授权投资的机构或者国家授权的部门参考译文：国有独资公司不设股东会，由国家授权投资的机构或者国家授权的部门，授权公司董事会行使股东会的部分职权，决定公司的重大事项，但公司的合并、分立、解散、增减资本和发行公司债券，必须由国家授权投资的机构或者国家授权的部门决定。