英汉词格对比翻译
metaphor
• Metaphor is an implied comparison between two or more unlike things achieved by identified one with the other • Eg. 1. That lady tries to make sheep’s eyes at her new boss. • 那位女士想向新老板献媚. • Don’t show the white feather to the enemy. • 不要向敌人示弱. • He is a regular oyster. • 他总是守口如瓶. • There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a Frenchman. • 虎恶猿狡的性格,法国人兼而有之.
euphemism
• Eg, If you will allow me, I will call your carriage for you. You have lived so long abroad, Mrs, Cheveley, that you seem to be unable to realize that you are talking to an English gentleman. • 译文1:如果你允许,我要请你卷铺盖滚蛋了。谢 佛利太太,你久居国外,看来已经意识不到你自 己是在和一个英国绅士讲话。 • 译文2:如果你允许,谢佛利太太,我要为你叫来 你的马车,请你走人,你已经在国外住的时间太 长,看来已经意识不到自己正在和一个英国绅士 说话。
• 1.Franklin Roosevelt listened with brighteyed smiling attention, saying nothing, and applauding heartily with the rest. • 富兰克林.罗斯福目光炯炯,满脸笑容,聚 精会神得听着;他没说什么,只是跟大伙儿 开心地跟大伙儿开心地鼓掌喝彩。 • 2.They talked to the foreign in hesitant English. • 他们用结结巴巴的英语同那个外国人交谈。
personification
• 英语的personification相当于汉语的拟人,都是运 用各种词汇,句法手法,把非人的事物人格化, 赋予各种物以人的言行或思想感情,即把人以外 的无生命之物或有生命之物当作人来描写。 • Hunger breaks stone walls. • 饥饿打破石头墙。 • 饥饿不饶人。 • Take time by the forelock. • 抓住时间的额发。?
• Mum, they told me that tomorrow I would get a job as the automotive internist. • 妈妈,他们告诉我明天我就可以得到一份当汽车内 科医生的工作。 • 在英语中有大量的表示职业的“拔高词”, 即给原 本一些地位较低的工作安上一些好听的名称,如 footwear maintenance( 擦鞋匠), grief therapist( 殡葬承办人), sanitary engineer(清洁 工) • Disgraced romeo minister admits to another secret daughter: Love Child No 2 for Yeo. • 译文1:不光彩的罗密欧部长承认又有一位秘密女 儿:约的第二号爱情之子。 • 译文2:名誉扫地的风流部长承认又有一位私生女: 与耶欧的第二个爱情结晶。
• Eg, He was as bold as brass to say such an impertinent thing to his professor. • 译文1: 他对教授说出如此不礼貌的话,真是脸 皮厚的像城墙拐角一样了. • 译文2: 他真是胆大包天,竟然对他的教授说出 这么无礼的话来. • He has been as drunk as a fiddler’s dog. • 他醉得像小提琴手的母狗.?? • 改译: 他烂醉如泥.
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A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. 译文1: 比起鸟能说话,人不会更能飞. 译文2: 人不能飞翔,就像鸟不会说话一样. 试译: A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled. 一言既出,如同抛石,不能收回. Ambition is to life just what steam is to the locomotive. • 壮志之于人生,其重要犹如蒸汽之于火车. • If we haven’t got any money, we can’t buy a television. It’s as plain as the nose on your face. • 没有钱我们就不能买电视机.这就像秃子头上的虱子 ----明白的事.
• They swarmed up in front of Sherburn’s palings as thick as they could jam together, and you couldn’t hear yourself think for the noise. • 改译: 他们水泄不通地拥挤在谢伯的篱笆前,由 于太吵了,你都听不见自己在想些什么.
• Eg 3, He can be as obstinate as all the donkeys on Dartmoor when he pleases. • 他耍性子时,固执得像达穆的所有驴子. • 驴子在汉语中也是具有 “倔强的比喻,所以译 文2保留了原文的喻体是妥当的.像这类的说 法还有 • As busy as a bag of fleas 像一袋虱子般忙碌 • As cross as nine highways 像九条高速公路 一样交叉着 • As meek as a maid 温柔如少女 • As dumb as an oyster 像牡蛎一样缄口不言
• At the mandarin Singapore, flagship hotel of Singapore mandarin International, we have long practiced service that is in tradition of emperors. • 新加坡文华大酒店乃新加坡文华酒店的佼佼者. 在此,我们长期实行的一整套服务都体现皇家风 范. • The sun sets regularly on the United Jack these days, but never on the English language. • 改译: 太阳定期地照着杰克工会,但从来没有照 到过英语语言. • 现在英国已不再是 “日不落”的国家,但是,英 语却广泛流行使用着.
Transferred epithet
• 英语transferred epithet 这一修辞格,相当于汉语的“移 就”,即“将原描写甲事物性状的修词语移来描写相关的 乙事物。”,最常见的是把应用来描写人的定语用来描写 物。 • 1. I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug, and cried like a child. • 译文1:我把头埋在悲惨的被单和摊子下面,像孩子样哭 了起来。 • 译文2:我非常难过,一头扎进被单和毯子,像孩子一样 哭了起来。 • 2. The old man lay all night on his sleepless bed. • 老人整夜躺在那不眠的床上。 • 老人躺在床上,彻夜未眠。
英汉辞格比较与翻译
• 在许多方面,英汉语在修辞格上表现出共同 并共通的特性.但是不同的语言必然存在着 具有其民族特性的差异,这一差异不仅是不 同地理环境,社会文化传统所造成的,更是由 此形成的不同思维方式以及认知结构造成 的
simile
• Simile refers to a direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by like or as. • 英语和汉语在比喻的运用上具有共性,如 numberless as the sands, as hungry as a wolf, as rapid as lightening, as light as a feather”等.但也存在着差异,有些差异甚至 无法在汉语中再现.
hyperbole
• Hyperbole就是故意运用夸大事实的手法来 加以强调,以求给人突பைடு நூலகம்的印象. • 英汉语言中的夸张不乏酷似之例,如 to hang by a hair ,money makes the mare go, burst one’s sides laughing
• Eg,1 I did not cry, I could not. My cheeks were as hot as fire and my very eyes burnt in my head. • 译文1: 我没有哭,我哭不出来.双颊热得如火, 眼睛在头上燃烧. • 译文2: 我没有哭,我哭不出来.双颊热得火辣 辣的,两眼好象在冒火. • He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop.
metonomy
• 英语的metonomy和汉语的借代都是用一种名称 代替另一种名称, 给事物换一个名称,一求语言新 鲜别致,生动形象,其心理基础也是联想. • Surely anyone who thinks that the question of art and cultivation must go before that of the knife and fork does not understand what art means. • 当然,任何人,如果他认为在考虑艺术和修养问题之 前先得顾及生计问题,那么他并不理解艺术的意义 所在.