Change the sample'status for feasible measurement.
3. Measuring
Convenient method and instrument.
4. Calculating and evaluating
Data process. Error
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Effect 1. 灵敏度 sensitivity 2. 精确度 precision 3. 系统误差 bias 4. 准确度 accuracy 5. 检出限 limit of detection 6. 检测限 limit of determination 7. 选择性 selectivity 8. 动态范围 dynamic range
because of salary 6. Sample throughput 7. Costs of reagents
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What are we interested?
Evaluating analytical data (parts in chapter 2-4 )
High throughput and high speed 高通量、快速分析
auto- 自动化、micro- 微型化、image- 图像化
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How to estimate a method? 分析方法的评价
Chromatographic methods.
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How to express the results
SI units: stands for System International unites. Internationally
Object：determine how much of a constituent species is
present in a samห้องสมุดไป่ตู้le.
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Analytical approach
Identify and define the problem Design the experimental procedure Conduct an experiment, and gather data Analyze the experimental data Propose a solution to the problem
Chemical analysis --- titration (chapter 9)
Acid-base, Complexation,
Redox,
Precipitation.
Instrumental analysis (chapter 10, parts in chapter11-12)
Spectrscopic methods,
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Experimental process
1. Sampling
Accuratly represent the population from which it is drawn
2. Pre-treating
agreed on units for measurements.
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• Qualitative analysis
Object：determine the identity of the constituent species
in a sample.
• Quantitative analysis
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An example: improving established methods.
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The analytical perspective
Cost 1. Costs of investment 2. Duration of analysis with regard
to personnel costs 3. Special safety precaution 4. Costs of installation, housing 5. Degree of training operator
Analytical Chemistry
分析化学
What is analytical chemistry?
Performing an analysis on a sample (chemical analysis)
Improving established methods, extending existing methods to a new types of samples, and developing new methods for measuring chemical phenomena.
High sensitivity 高灵敏度 ――single-molecular level
High selectivity 高选择性 ――complex system(cell、medicine)
In situ, in vivo, real-time, label-free
原位、活体、实时、无损分析