should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the
friendship of the good. When he has time and
opportunity, after the performance of these
things, he should employ them in polite studies.“( 子曰：“弟子，入则孝，出则弟，谨而 信，凡爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则以
The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty（两汉经学）
Metaphysic during the Wei and Jin dynasties（魏晋玄学）
The Buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties （隋唐佛学）
Practice
“To prefer it is better than only to know it. To delight in it is better than merely to prefer it.”(这里的践履并非人类的生产实践，而是偏重于个人的修德重行。 )
Morality
Monarch’s benevolence and lower officials’ loyalty, fathers’ kindness and sons’ filial
will be lazy.（学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 ）
2. Whatdo not do to others.（己所不欲勿施于人。 ）
3. Reviewing what you have learned and learning new ones, you can be my
piety, elder brothers’ friendliness and younger ones’ respect, and friends’ mutual trust.(中国古代哲学从本质上讲可以说是一种道德哲学。)
Harmony Harmony between man and nature and also between man and man.(中庸之道是中国
search for spiritual freedom and Buddhism’s “Nirvana” all reflect their pursuit of the complete spiritual happiness.(把儒家的真性、道家的飘逸、佛教的超脱融合起来，就
可以体会出中国古代人生哲学的境界。)
Period and enjoyed thriving development because of the emergence of the “a hundred schools of thought contend” during the Warring States Period.
The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy
2. Collectivism over individualism
Traditional Chinese values attach great importance to collective interest. An individual’s value can be realized only within society as a whole, as that is
贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。” ) 3. The master said, “if a man take no thought
about what is distant, he will find sorrow near
at hand.” (子曰∶“人无远虑，必有近忧。”)
Characteristics of Chinese Ethics and Morality
Chinese culture
Winston Sun
Education
He established first private school in China and accepted the students from everywhere.
Subjects: Manners, Music, Literature, Riding, Archery and Mathematics (礼，乐，射，御，书，数）
teacher.（温故而知新可以为师矣。）
Winston Sun
Stress on spiritual existence Stress on practice Stress on morality Stress on harmony Stress on intuition
Spiritual existence Confucianism’s knowledge of life through disposition and consciousness， Taoism’s
He have 3000 students. Among them, 72 became famous scholars.
Winston Sun
Winston Sun
1. To study but not think, you will be confused. Just to think but not study, you
Chinese philosophy has developed over several thousand of years. Its
origin can be traced back to the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It begin to take definite shapes during the Spring and Autumn
Ethics is the moral principle for dealing with people.
Morality is a social ideology which serves as the norms for people’s lives and behaviours.
Question: the three obediences and four virtues? the three basic rules and five
古代哲学的基本精神之一。)
Intuition
The philosophical ideas were formed based on intuition and reflection on life’s experiences.(这些哲学思想是哲学家们所得所悟的思维以及直觉体验的结晶，无论是 影响深远“天人合一”、“道”，还是孟子所讲的尽心、知性、知天，养“浩然之 气”，庄子讲“天地与我并生，万物与我为一”，魏晋玄学家讲“言不尽意”，“ 得意忘象”，都是一种并不能由语言概念来确指、来表现，而只能靠主体依其价值
取向在经验范围内体悟的思想。)
1.The Master said, "A youth, when at home,
should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his
elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He
Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties（宋明理学）
Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties（明清实学）
Winston Sun
(551–479 BC)
Educator Thinker Statesman A symbol of
the groundwork of one’s existence.
3. Spiritual life over material life
Self-cultivation in morals is emphasized and is considered to be more important than one’s material pursuits.
Chinese philosophy is the collective designation for the various schools of thought. It developed independent of
European and other civilized countries, with its own distinguishing features, unique concept systems and
experience ways.
Chinese philosophy has become one of the three philosophy systems in the world, the other two being Western
philosophy and Indian philosophy.
The Basic Features of Ancient Chinese Philosophy
Characteristics of Chinese Ethics and Morality
The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy
The philosophy in pre-Qin times（先秦子 学）
1. Seeking harmony and maintaining equilibrium
Harmony seeks peace, compromise, concord, and unison. Maintaining equilibrium is the ultimate purpose of harmony.