Unit 26 The Intonation of Enumerations and Vocatives 列举事物(点数)与呼语的音调 (p. 141-)
Enumeration: listing or counting things. – items in a series often have a rising or level intonation, and the last item has a falling tone. (e.g. One, two, three, four, five.) or ( One, two, three, four, five.) Vocative: a word or a noun phrase used when addressing someone. 1. If the name begins the utterance – the rising tune is more friendly and polite (e.g. John, be quick.) , but the falling tune is serious and emphasizing something important (e.g. John, be quick.) . A level intonation is also sometimes heard (e.g. John, be quick.) . 2. If the name comes at the end of the utterance – often unstressed. (e.g. Someone’s at the door, ֠Carol.) 3. Sometimes the vocative is on a rising tune after a fall. (e.g. Good after noon, everybody.) More examples and exercises: P. 142-145
Exclamations – falling tune. (e.g. Good heavens!) Apologies – more polite to use falling-rising tune. (e.g. Sorry.) Greetings – rising or falling tune. (e.g. Good or (Good morning.) bye.) Saying goodbye – rising tune. (e.g. Good More examples and exercises: P. 146-150. morning.)
Unit 27 The Intonation of Exclamations, Apologies, Greetings and Leave-takings 惊叹，道歉，见面和告别的句子语调 （p.146-）
Something not very exciting – rising tune. (e.g. you.) Thank
the stressed syllable of the important word (=key word, or content word) the falling tune]
Note: [
Some concepts:
Intonation unit 音调单位: it usually corresponds to a sense group (or word group) . (e.g. – Oh, / do you know one? -- Great! Let’s go.) Elements in an intonation unit The pre-head 调冠: any unstressed syllable or syllables that may precede the head - or the nucleus, if there is no head The head 调头: the part of an intonation unit that extends from the first stressed syllable up to the nucleus The nucleus调核: the stressed syllable of the last content word in an intonation unit The tail 调尾: any syllable or syllables that may follow the nucleus
They
flew to
London. (The nucleus is on the verb: flew.
The speaker wants to highlight how they travelled: They flew to London, not drove to London. )
They
Summary： ： The use of English intonation
The falling tone -- indicating `definiteness' and `completeness'. Types of sentences: Complete and definite statements (e.g. The
They
flew
to
London. (The nucleus is on the
preposition: to, which is usually unstressed. The speaker wants to highlight the direction: They flew to London, not from London. )
We are LEARNing a FOReign LANGuage.
P
P = Pre-head
H
H = Head
N
T
N = Nucleus T = Tail
Therefore, the nucleus 调核 is normally the stressed syllable of the last content word in a sentence, such as “LANG” in the above-mentioned sentence.调核通常是句子中最后一个关键词 （实词）的重读音节。 The nucleus is the syllable that carries the tune pattern of the sentence, i.e. the fall, the rise or the fall-rise. 调核是产生升降 调的地方。 But in order to emphasize a word, we can ‘shift’ the nucleus to the stressed syllable of the word we want to emphasize. 调核 可以根据强调信息的需要发生移位。
Unit 25 The Intonation of Reporting Phrases 报导语的音调 (p. 136-)
The definition of reporting phrases: phrases such as “he asked” and “said the other”. 1. Reporting phrases + quoted speech – rising or level tune. (e.g. She was ֠calling, “Have you finished? ” ) 2. Quoted speech + Reporting phrases Quoted speech (if with a falling tune)– reporting phrases (remains on a low level) (e.g. “You can’t come,” he ֠said ֠angrily.) Quoted speech (if with a falling-rising tune or rising tune)– reporting phrases (rising tune) (e.g. “ Are you in a hurry?” she asked. ) More examples and exercises: P.136-139
wait.)
Statements intended to be soothing or encouraging (e.g. I shan’t be long. = I’ll come back soon) Statements intended as questions (e.g. You like it?) Questions showing much interest (e.g. How’s your daughter? ) Repetition questions (e.g. –I arrived at ten o’clock. – When? )
Unit 24-27 The Use of English Intonation (II)
Unit 24 Emphatic Intonation 强调句的音调 (P.132-) Please read the following sentences aloud: They flew to London. They flew to London. They flew to London. They flew to London.
The rising tune - indicating `uncertainty', `incompleteness' or `politeness'. Types of sentences:
Yes-no questions (or general questions) (e.g. Have they gone? ) Incomplete statements (e.g. When he came, I asked him to