全球分布的肠炎
1977 丁型肝炎病毒
丁型肝炎
1980 嗜人T细胞病毒I型
T细胞淋巴瘤/白血病
1981 金黄色葡萄球菌产毒株 中毒性休克综合征
1982 大肠杆菌O157:H7
出血性结肠炎，溶血性尿毒综合征
1982 嗜人T细胞病毒II型 毛细胞白血病
近年来人的死因顺位发生了
由传染病为主转向以心、脑血管 病、肿瘤等为主的重大变化。
The prevalence of Infectious Diseases
Re-emergence of Classical Infectious Diseases
Tuberculosis Viral hepatitis Sexually transmitted diseases Others WNV, Rabies
Each year, 2 millions people die of TB
Each year, 7~8 millions are infected with TB
New Infectious Diseases are Emerging Unceasingly
According to the reports issued by WHO, more than 30 new infectious diseases were discovered in recent 30 years ,which are called “emerging infectious diseases”。
The outbreak of “Spanish flu” in 1918 caused death of 40 millions people all over the world.
I、 In 1674, Mr. Leeuwenhoek（列文虎 克） Observed microorganisms by homemade microscope.
In developing countries，about half of the dead persons are due to infectious diseases。
Each hour，about 1500 people die of infectious diseases，most of cases occur in developing countries。
Communicable diseases belongs to infectious diseases, but it doesn‘t mean that all communicable diseases are infectious diseases
Examples :
Communicable and Infectious Diseases （传染病和感染病）
It was the first time that human set eyes on microorganisms.
II. In 1796, Jenner ,An English country doctor, inoculated cowpox vaccinia（牛痘） for a 8 years old boy, cowpox vaccinia was invented since that and human are immune from smallpox.
Pasteur and Koch established the base of microbiology together.
Nobel prize winner of physiology and medicine, 1905 Robert Koch
IV. In 1928, Fleming（费列明）, a doctor from Scotland, discovered penicillin, since then a new age----antibiotics age was initiated.
传染病学
总论
传染： communication 传染病：communicable Diseases
Two concepts
感染病 Infectious Diseases 感 染 Infection 传染病 Communicable Diseases
（Contagious Diseases） 传 染 Communication
noncommunicable infectious diseases （非传染性感染病）
概论
WHO Reports：
Fifty-two millions people die each year in the world， 32.7% of which，about 17 millions people die of infectious diseases。
表 1 1973年以来新发现的部分传染病
年代 微生物
疾病
1973 轮状病毒
世界范围婴儿腹泻的主要病因
1975 细小病毒B19
5号病，慢性溶血性贫血中的再障
危象
1Байду номын сангаас76 隐孢子虫
隐孢子虫病，急性小肠结肠炎
1977 埃博拉病毒
埃博拉出血热
1977 嗜肺军团菌
军团病
1977 汉坦病毒
肾综合征出血热
1977 空肠弯曲杆菌
Today smallpox has been the first infectious disease eradicated by human through vaccination.
III. In 1882, Koch（科赫）, a German bacteriologist discovered tubercle bacillus.
Nobel prize winner of physiology and medicine,
1945
Sir Alexander Fleming
In 1988, WHO brought forward to eliminate poliomyelitis（脊髓灰质炎） on 31-12-2000 （postponed to 2005）.