2020年10月2日
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复合句的种类
名词性从句 形容词性从句(定语从句) 副词性从句(状语从句)
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名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句.
引导词: 1. 从属连词:that, if , whether 2. 连接代词: who, what, which, whom, whose 3. 连接副词: when, where, how, why等.
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c). whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 的区别.
Eg. ① Give it to _____ you like.
A. whom B. whoever C. who D. when
② It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
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区别:
that 不作成分, 无意义, 仅起引导作用;
what可作主语, 宾语, 表语, 保留疑问词 特征, 本身有意义, 相当于the thing/ fact/ matter that…, 意为“所……的 (东西或事情)
(and连接两个宾从, that宾从放在and的后 面, 不能省略.)
I know nothing about him except that
he is from the south. (作介词的宾语从句时
that不能省略.)
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名词性从句难点
1.语序和时态
Eg. ① The question ____ has been worrying him recently.
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that引导名词性从句时不作成分, 无意义, 仅起 引导作用, 在引导宾语从句时可省略, 引导主语、 表语和同位语从句时不能省略.
that引导宾语从句时在以下情况下不能省略:
eg. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
C. how much time did it take D. how much time it was taken
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2. 关联词的选择使用
A) 是that 还是what?
Eg. ① The question came up at the meeting ___ we had not enough money to do the research.
A.whether B. that C. if D. what
② ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What; that B. What; what C. That; that D. That; what
③ They want to make it clear to the public____ they do an important job.
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whomever 只作宾语; whatever﹦anything that whoever ﹦anyone who whomever ﹦anyone whom whichever ﹦any one that( 强调某一
范围中的任何一个)
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D) how, when where, why 的 选择
A. When ever B. If C. Whether D. That
③ I don’t mind ______ they will come.
A. if or not B. whether or not C. whether or no
D. if or no
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用whether或if引导名词性从句时, 题干中往 往出现表示“不肯定”概念的词语, 如: not sure/ certain, not known/ decided, …is still a question, depend on 等.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
③ I’ll remember ____ the teacher teaches us.
A. that B. no matter what C. whatever
D. no matter which
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两词引导宾语从句时可以互换, 但下列情况一 般只用whether:
a. 介词后的宾语从句;
b 后面出现or not.
注意: 与not连用时只能用if
eg. I wonder if he can not do me a favour.
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名词性从句引导词的特点
除了三个从属连词外, 连接代词和连接副 词都在句中作成分, 连接代词一般作主语, 宾语和表语, 连接副词作时间、地点、方 式、原因状语.
所有的引导词都具有连词特征, 除了that 在宾语从句中可以省略外, 其他引导词一 般不能省略.
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B)whether还是 if
Eg. ① It depends on ___ he has enough money.
A. if B. weather C. if or not D. whether
② ___ the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.
A. where is to go B. where to go
C. where is he to go D. where he was to go
② He asked me ______ to build this plant.
A. how long it was taken B. how long it had taken