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Part ⅠWarm-up Activities Step One—Pre-class Activity You are going to conduct a survey of resources you can find in the university library and work out a list of different kinds of books you have found there before attending the class.
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Summary A paragraph of classification --- a topic sentence, a body, and a concluding sentence. The topic sentence --- a clear subject , the number of categories The body explains each category one by one in a logical order, the order of time sequence, or from the less specific to the more specific, or from the less important to the more important, and so on. The concluding sentence, though it can be omitted in some cases, brings readers’ attention back to the topic.
Successful Writing
Unit 8 Education
Unit Objectives At the end of the unit you will become familiar with features and organizational patterns of classification in paragraph writing; know how to use relevant words or expressions in classification; be able to write paragraphs of classification according to the instructions given; gain some knowledge about educational issues discussed in this unit.
MLA格式 指南学 术出版准 则 The Shipping News Pragmatics
Annie Proulx Stephen C. Levinson
New York
Simon & Schuster, Inc.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Cambridge University Press
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Here is an example:
Title Author’s Name Joseph Gibaldi Place of Publication 上海 Publishing Company 上海外语教育 出版社 Time of Publication 2001 …
2001
Beijing
2001
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Step Two: Discuss what you have found and written down and try to make it as inclusive as possible. On the basis of group discussion, reorganize the information in the following table. Then write one paragraph classifying the books in the library.
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Part Ⅱ Classification
Organizational Structure Sample 1 Suggested answers to the questions 1. Yes. At the beginning of the paragraph. 2. The time most students spend studying for a test. Three parts. 3. Yes. They are arranged in time order.
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4. Comment: The classification does not stick to one principle. It should be consistent. In this case, college classes are divided according to students’ attitudes to them: those students enjoy, those students tolerate, and those students dislike. However, the other category is established according to the time when the class is given.
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Unit Summary
A paragraph of classification usually consists of a topic sentence, a body, and a concluding sentence. The topic sentence has a clear subject and indicates the number of categories into which you are going to classify the subject. The body explains each category one by one in a logical order. It may be the order of time sequence, or from the less specific to the more specific, or from the less important to the more important, and so on. The concluding sentence brings readers’ attention back to the topic.
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Summary: The Principles of Classification To achieve effectiveness in classification, you must follow some important principles: ─select one appropriate principle as the basis of each classification according to your purpose of writing, and stick to it within the whole paragraph. ─make sure that the categories are exclusive. They should not overlap. ─Do not omit any important categories. The classification should be exhaustive.
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Outline of this paragraph:
Subject: the time most students spend studying for a test Topic sentence: The time most students spend studying for a test can be divided into three distinct phases. Division: 1. Phase one runs from the day the test is announced to approximately forty-eight hours before the exam is passed out. 2. Phase Two is entered two days prior to the test. 3. Phase Three, the final phase, is entered twelve hours before “Zero Hour.”
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Outline of this paragraph:
Subject: students in our school Topic sentence: Students in our school fall into three groups according to their different intentions of taking part in sports. Division: 1. students who go to the playground when they feel tired after study 2. real sports lovers who even put aside their studies for a game 3. students who want beauty from sports. Concluding sentence: No matter which group they belong to, they all benefit from sports.