指导原则
1.语法一致原则（Grammatical
Concord)



主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式， 谓语动词也用复数形式。 The number of errors was surprising. Jane and Mary look alike. 1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词为复数。 The crowd were running for their lives.
2.

意义一致原则 （Notional Concord）
指导原则

单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle, militia 等。 2) 主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 The news was very exciting. 形复意单的单词有news, works （工厂）和一些以ics结尾的 学科名称，physics, economics等。 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词 or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…, but also等连接的并列 主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它 的主语一致。 Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.

I. 以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致
darts:投镖游戏dominoes:多米诺骨牌 marbles:打弹子游戏 billiards:台球 但cards(打纸牌)用复数； 当它们表示所用工具时谓语用复数 Darts is often played in English pubs. Two darts are thrown at every turn.

８.以Ｓ结尾的单，复数同形的名词，
谓语动词形式取决于这些名词是用 作单数还是用作复数；意义不同， 单／复数也不同

barracks:营房 headquarters:总部 means:方法,手段,工具 series:系列 species:种类 works:工厂 crossroads:十字路口 This glass works was set up in 2008.
大学英语语法 主谓一致
主谓一致 Subject-verb Concord

“一致”（concord或agreement）指句子成 分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关 系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在 “人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系， 这 又叫做“主-动一致”（ Subject-verb Concord ）。





注:whereabouts(行踪，下落)， dramatics(舞台艺术)可用单/复数
7.凡是由-ings结尾的名词常用作复数 clippings:剪下来的东西 filings:锉屑 earnings:收入 diggings:掘出的东 西 lodgings:租的房间 surroundings:环境 sweepings:扫拢的垃圾 注:tidings( 消息,音信)可用作单或复数
3.

就近原则（Principle of Proximity）

I. 以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致
1.以S结尾的表示疾病的名词作主语时谓 语用单数 arthritis:关节炎 bronchitis :支气管炎 mumps:腮腺炎 diabetes:糖尿病 phlebitis:静脉炎 但是measles(麻疹)，rickets(软骨病) 谓语 可用单/复数 2.以S结尾的表示游戏名称的名词谓语常 用单数
谓一致
II. 集体名词（Collective Noun）作主语的主




The merchandise on display in the shop window is very good. All the machinery is new. 3. 既可用作复数也可用作单数的集体名词： family, army, group, committee, company, government, enemy, class, team, party, club, majority, crowd, audience, jury, union, fleet（舰 队）,faculty（能力；大学教职人员），crew， public His family are all music lovers. His family isn’t large. His family___ going to have a long journey. The whole family ____ watching TV.

These glass works are near the railway station. 9.少Leabharlann 名词用作单数和用作复数意义不同
What’s the odds?有什么要紧？=what does it



matter? （差别） The odds are against us.我们成功的机会很小。 （可能的机会） The martyr’s remains were buried at the foot of the hill.遗体 Here is the remains of the temple.遗迹
如带有单位词，则由单位词的单/复
数来决定谓语动词的单/复数

A pair of shoes was on the desk.

6.下列以s结尾的名词通常用作复数
archives:档案 arms:武器 eaves:屋檐 contents:内容 goods:货物 suburbs:郊区 thanks:谢意 wages: 工资 stairs:楼梯 remains:遗体 morals:道德，品行 minutes:记录

4.以S
结尾的地理名称如山脉，海峡， 瀑布，群岛等谓语动词通常用作复 数
the West Indies西印度群岛 the Bahamas巴哈马群岛 the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉 the Straits of Gibraltar直布罗陀海峡 the Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布 the Rockies 落基山脉



练习： 1.The Alps (covers, cover) an area of 200,000 square kilometers and (is ,are) the greatest mountain range in Europe. 2.Draughts (is, are) an easier game than chess. 3.What (is, are) his politics ? 4.The remains of Shakespeare (is, are) buried on Stratford-on-Avon. 5.Politics (is, are) the art or science of government. 6.Mr Smith’s morals (is, are) above criticism. ually a bird species facing the danger of extinction( gains, gain) public recognition. 8 The species of fish in the aquarium (is, are) numerous.
Keys : b d d d
III. 并列结构(Coordinate Subject)做主语 1.用and或both…and 连接并列主语，谓语通常 的主谓一致



用复数 To mean to do something and to actually do something are two separate things. 但是当并列主语指的是同一个人，事物或概 念时，谓语用单数，这时and后面的名词没有 冠词。 Truth and honesty is the best policy. The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.
谓一致



练习： 1.The jury ____in opinion about “sentence of death.” A. disagrees B. disagree C. agrees D. has disagreed 2.Today the public ____about the way nature is being ruined. A. are concerned B. is concerned C. have been concerned D. is being concerned 3.The committee can't come to a decision because ____at odds. A. it has B. they have C. it is D. they are 4.The majority _____on Ben's side, but Peter disagrees with them on two points. A. were B. was C. is D. are



但如果是国名，则用作单数，如:the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands（荷兰）。
5.由二部分组成的物体通常以S结尾，
如果不带“一把”等单位词而单独 使用，通常用作复数。

scissors剪子 shears 大剪刀 pincers 、tongs 钳 子 pliers 老虎钳 pajamas 睡衣，宽长裤 suspenders吊裤带 knickers短裤，灯笼裤 pants 裤子 jeans 工装 裤 shorts 短裤 briefs 三角裤 shoes glasses/spectacles 眼镜 binoculars 望远镜 chopsticks