糖基转移酶与糖苷酶
功能:催化糖苷键的合成( O-, N-, S-, or C-glycoside ) 供体:活化的糖磷酸 受体:亲核基团(蛋白、脂、核酸、糖、小分子),通常为-OH
Leloir donors:
糖供体底物
Non-Leloir donors:
Leloir: 阿根廷生物化学 家,研究核苷酸 代谢,1970, 诺贝尔化学奖
催化机理
Inverting: SN2 nucleophilic attack at the C1 atom
鎓
Retaining: double displacement mechanism
糖基转移酶辅因子ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Many, but not all, glycosyltransferases utilize divalent metal ion cofactors such as Mn2+ and Mg2+. … mainly in glycosyltransferases that are diphosphonucleosidedependent.
Derivative synthesis
Rossmann-type domains (for nucleotide binding)
GT-A fold: SpsA from Bacillus subtilus
GT-B fold: beta-glucosyltransferase from bacteriophage T4
Transglycosylase from Staphylococcus aureus
第二节 糖基转移酶及其应用
主要内容
糖转移酶简介 糖基转移酶在合成中的应用
糖转移酶简介
• Glycosyltransferases 应用‘activated’ sugar phosphates 作 为糖供体,合成 glycosidic linkage ,糖受体通常为 nucleophilic group, usually an alcohol. 生成的糖苷可以为 O-, N-, S-, or C-glycoside
OAc
AcO
3 steps AcO
O AOcO OAc
2
O N3
AcO
6 steps
OAc
OAc
AcO
HO
O AOcO
O N3
OAc
AcO
6
规模小,过程复杂,立体选择性难
glycosylation
OH
HO
HO
O OH OH
OH
HOO
OO HO
O
9
OH
HO
NHAc
4 steps
OBn
BnO
BnO
O OAcOAc
N-acetylglucosamine phosphorotransferase
糖基转移酶在合成中的应用
➢ 寡糖的酶法合成 ➢ 具有生物活性含糖天然产物的酶法合成 ➢ 生物制药----糖蛋白药物生产策略 ➢ 生物制药----糖疫苗生产策略
Chemical Synthesis of a-Gal
OAc
OAc
BnOO
O AOcO
O N3
OAc
AcO
7
Reaction Catalyzed by 1,3Galactosyltransferase
HO OH
O
O
HO
OO
NH
HO O P O P O O N O +
O- O-
HO OH
O
HO
O HO HO
OH O OR NHAc
UDP-Gal HO OH Donor
metal ion is coordinated to an oxygen of each of the two phosphate groups, as well as to side-chain carboxylates derived from the protein..
糖基转移酶抑制剂
➢ 直接抑制糖基转移酶活性 底物类似物;过渡态类似物
Gal1,4GlcNAc-R, acceptor
Mn2+ 1,3-galactosyltransferase
HO OH
O
HO
HO HO O
OH O O OH HO
OH O OR NHAc
+
-Gal epitope
OO
HO P O P O O- O-
O NH
ON O
HO OH
UDP
碳水化合物的合成
Organic Synthesis Biosynthetic process
Leloir GTs
Oligosaccharyl transferase STT3 from Pyrococcus furiosius
Non-Leloir GTs
催化机理
• Glycosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups to a nucleophilic acceptor with either retention or inversion of configuration at the anomeric centre. This allows the classification of glycosyltransferases as either retaining or inverting enzymes.
糖基转移酶 根据糖供体 中是否含有 核苷酸分为 两类。
糖基转移酶分类
➢根据氨基酸序列相似性进行分类: 分为94 家族 (distinct sequence-based families) (CAZy server, rs-mrs.fr/CAZY) 人类拥有约 270多种糖基转移酶序列,属于 33个家族。
➢根据蛋白结构相似性进行分类:
GT-A,GT-B,其他类型 ➢根据糖供体和糖苷键连接方式进行分类:
Alpha-1,4-葡萄糖转移酶;beta-1,4-半乳糖转移酶; 2,3-唾液酸转移酶
NDP-binding domain generally contains a conserved DXD amino acid motif
alpha-2,6-唾 液酸转移酶抑 制剂
Beta-1,4-半乳 糖转移酶抑制 剂
➢ 阻断糖供体的合成
N-Glycan 合成过程中,首先要合成:dolichol-pp-N-acetylglucosamine
UDP-GlcANc + dolichol-p ------ dolichol-pp-GlcNAc