第四章 翻译的技巧（2） 译例与练习
班级：2010级13班 姓名： 黎淑君 学号：07101318
二、变态： 被动语态的译法
（一）英语中被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句可以有几种不同情况。
1. 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语
⑴ The streets are filled with vehicles.
⑵ The murderer was caught at last.
⑶ Students are kept on probation for one semester.
2.英语原文中的主语在译文中译作宾语
⑴ By the end of the last week, over 500 people had been saved since the earthquake.
3.原文中的被动句汉译时，有时可译为无主语句
⑴Some measures should be adopted to deal with the urgent situation.
⑵ Time can always be found to do things one wants to do.
译为代表语的汉语主动句
⑴ He said the pact had now been reduced to less than a shadow.
翻译练习：
① Happy reunion is much left among the family members at the Spring Festival. (英语原文
中的主语在译文中仍作主语)
② The coming oral test is said to be rather difficult, so I feel a bit nervous.
③ The decision to go abroad was not taken easily.
（二）译成汉语被动句
1.汉语也有用被动形式来表达的情况。
⑴ The delegates from the remote areas were given a hearty welcome.
⑵ The economic development is decided to great extent by science and technology.
⑶ The subject will be further dealt with in that essay.
⑷ I couldn’t sleep at all since I was troubled by the noise from the worksite.
（三）有by-phrase的被动语态的翻译 ：这一类句子汉译时，可采用多种方式来表达。
⑴ Many expect that he will be outed by one of his rivals.
⑵ His sincerity is illustrated not only by his proposal but also by his deeds.
⑶ Here is a clear case of the course of human history being affected by the scientific and
technological revolution.
（四）It+be+p.p句型的翻译
⑴ It is considered not advisable to act that way.
⑵ It should be understood that to err is human.
在语态翻译中，有一些常见的英语被动结构的汉译法，特收之罗列于下，以供翻译时参
考之用。 ⅰ须增补主语的
It is asked that ... 有人会问 It is asserted that ... 有人主张
It is believed that ... 有人相信 It is felt that ... 有人感到
It is found that ... 有人发现 It is generally considered that ...大家认为
It is noticed that ... 人们注意到 It is pointed that ... 有人指出
It is regarded that ... 人们认为 It is stressed that ... 有人强调
It is suggested that ... 有人建议 It is thought that ... 人们认为
It will be said that ... 有人会说 It was told that ... 有人曾经说
It is well known that ...大家知道/众所周知
ⅱ 无须增补主语的
It can be seen that ... 可见 It cannot be denied that ... 不可否认
It has been calculated that ... 据计算 It has been reviewed that ... 回顾了
It is arranged that ... 已商定 It is assumed that ... 假定/据推测
It is declared that ... 据宣称 It is demonstrated that ... 据证实
It is enumerated that ... 列举出 It is hoped that ... 希望
It is learned that ... 据说 It is mentioned that ... 上文提到
It is outlined that ... 概括地说 It is preferred that ... 最好
It is stated that ... 据说 It is supposed that ... 假定
It must be admitted that ... 必须承认 It must be pointed out that ...必须指出
It will be seen from this that ... 由此可见
It may be said without fear that ... 可以毫不夸张地说
翻译练习：
① It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence. （It+be+p.p句型的翻译）
② The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by
mechanical power. (有by-phrase的被动语态的翻译)
③ Last year the region was visited by the worst drought in 50 years.
(转译成带被动标记的汉语主动语态)
④ A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics.
四．汉译英的语态变换
（一）不带被动标记的汉语被动句的翻译
⑴ 每逢双休日，我总要去乡村度假。
⑵ 每年十月，杭州的西湖都要举行国际马拉松赛跑。
⑶ 我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。
⑷ 世界上的事情应由各国政府和人民平等协商。
(二) 带有表达被动意义标记的被动句的翻译
⑴ 市场经济理念已为全国人民所接受。
⑵该项目先由有关专家加以审查，而后再送交委员会。
翻译练习：
⑴ 这个问题必须马上解决，否则会延误工期。（不带被动标记的汉语被动句的翻译）
⑵ 采取“一国两制”适合中国国情，并非权益之计。（不带被动标记的汉语被动句的
翻译）
⑶ 很抱歉，因为雪太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。 （带有表达被动意义标记的
被动句的翻译）