文学翻译批评的理论框架摘要\本文是对文学翻译批评的一种界定性研究,旨在卉清文学翻译批评究竟是什么这一雕沦¨题。
叟学翻译足翻译的重要组成}}Ij分,文学翻译的研究具有重大理论价值。
然iflJ,^‘种较为普遍的脱象足人们往往把翻译研究默认为文学翻译研究,从】『ii混淆了翻译研究与文学翻译研究的K别。
I刊样,在文学翻泽批评领域,池存在类似的iI口J题,即人们倾向f把翻泽-JLL.I,'Iz默认为文学翻泽JLL4.。
i£o此外,文学翻泽批评的丛础理论研究,1i够,比如,文学翮泽批评究竟足4t么。
存基础_li论研究0i充分的情况下研究其他问题,jwE沦价值难免受到影响。
、l,l然,…r翻泽批评也括文学翻汗批评,还山j二订螳学肯研究的剐湃j11:i.Ii实酗:上班圮怂义。
产黜浑批计,凼Ifu他们射翻译批计的研究刈本文研究文学翻译-l!:t7'1:仍有指导意义。
虽然彳f些资料对文学翻译批评的研究不够全面,但是把这些资料综合翱;起来面,它们仍刘‘文学翻译批评的研究具有理论价值,从,1i同力‘面揭/J÷了文学翻译批评的性质。
I-10口所收集到的资制表nJJ,i2,仃研究人多集t}uI在罨封译批pFfl9内部系统这一方面。
畅晓荣,I:恩琵,郏海凌,PeterNewmark,Bemoan等对翻译批评’r}:质,类型,功能,标准,方法等的研究,初步构建出翻译批计的基本理论框架。
明:钧的《文学翻洚.ILLi.'I'-I,Tf',D)。
fS作为H内较‘,tfl',j以“文学翻译jILLl.,'1…’冠名f14j.nlt沧著作,体现.广训『究的准确,rL,对该领域的研究起J’示范作用。
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Ⅲ},探讨了文学番4j译jLLi4"fl;J一些艇本问题.,f结合实践进行了批评。
在外部系统方曲,个【[1i而理论性较强的研究还不够。
4;过,有些学者x·tili4=l译jLLLtz在翻译教学cp运用的研究,如马红军的《翻i晕JLLkti散论》,赵桂华的《翻溽理沦‘j技巧》,为本文研究文学翻i罩-Jl:l:i.'lz与lU关理论的关系作了理沦准备。
本文是在}{i『人fl',j基础上进行的深入研究。
1功一本文首先}刿确提It{文学翻译批评这一概念,}uI;imii本文研究的是文学翻译批评l『【『1:足翻译批评;努力避免概念/1:清,避免J1]t,tli}-:tLL].'tj指代文学翻译批评;Jl刈文学制洋批评系统tlr的准术妣念(如文学翻i荦.iLLi:Ii『}0定义)进{j尽刈1能严格的界定:对易H皑淆的概念t如力法1』牛,J硎:)进仃特5}1J【爱分。
/:、征内部系统r|1(第3章),本文深入州究了义学翻泽批评的性质,类,弘,功能,标准__fll,J法,卡JJ步构建了文学翻译批评的理论框架,行尝试着回答了文学翻译批评是什么,如何进行文学翻译批评等胖沦iluJ题。
本文还特别提出了几义学翻译批盯的概念,{}{…剥文学翻i幂}llfi:l。
本身的}ltkt'-f‘分重要,有助1i文学翻泽批评的理沦建设。
证外部系统rI·(第4章).本义硼f究r文学翻泽批评与文学翻译教学的关系,文学翻译批评与文学翻湃技巧的区别,以及史学翻译批评与文学翻译理论的关系,从腼确定了文学翻译批评征文学翻洋理沦系统rfI的位筲,有助丁我们史为准确地把握文学翻译批评的性胍等理沦问题。
虮J:所述玎幂j:亡,{‘先址舀!内部系统。
IJ把文学酬i棼批评分解成性质,类型,J』J能,标准,方法等要素进行微舭研究;然后义在外部系统中把文学翻t季-}LL评作为一个祭体,宏观研究le与1fj关理沦的关系。
通过对文学罨封泽批评在内部系统f|J进行解牛』i研究以及尢外部系统tfJ进行比较研究,使我们刘文学翻译批评性质的理解更JJ【|深刻准确。
文学翻ie::『LL评的理沦框架足动态的,不是静念的。
它随着文学翻译理沦与川天理沦的发展I而不断变化,凶而需要我们运用新理论不断深化刘其认U{。
此外,我们还需要强化文学翻洋批评的丛础理论"f究,吲为越是基础的理论越往往具有重要价值,越能刈术来的研究产生影响。
关键词:文学翻译批评;内部系统;外部系统ATheoreticalFrameworkofLiteraryTranslationCriticismAbstractThisdissertationisadefinhlgattemptatliterarytranslationcriticism,aimingtoexplorethetheoreticalquestionofwhatisliterar),translationc,‘iticism.Literarytranslation,theresearchintowhichisoftheoreticalsignificance,countsasanimportantpartoftranslation.However.peopletendtoconsidertranslationstudiesasliterarytranslationstudies,thusblurringthediffercnccbetweenthcnl.Sodoesthefieldel、literarytranslationcriticismPeopletendtoconsidertranslationcriticismasliterarytranslationcriticisnl.Moreover,tileresearchintobasictheoriesisnotdeepenoughWithoutafinnlbundationinbasictheories,tileresearchintootheraspcctsoflitm‘arytranslationcriticismisusuallysuperficial.Becausetranslationcriticisnlismoregeneralacategorythanliterarytranslationcriticism,andbecausewhatpeopleactuallystudyisliterarytranslationcriticism,theirresearchesOlltranslationcriticismarestillofhelptothisdissertation.Althoughthosestudiesofliterarytranslationcriticismareuotcomprehensiveenoughifseeninisolation,theyexploreahnosteveryaspectoflitct‘arytranslationcriticismirtakenasawhole.Astotheinnersystem,YangXiaorong,WangEnmian,ZhengHailing,PeterNewmark,Bcrnlanandmanyotherscholarsresearchonnature,typology,function,criterionandmethodology.Litera0,TranslationCriticismResearchbyXuJuuisonooftheearliestmonographsentitledwith‘literarytranslationcriticism’inChina,reflectingtheaccuracyel‘studyAstotheoutersystem.therea1.efewsystematicresearches.However,sonleworksontheapplicationoftranslationcriticismintranslationteaching,say,Random矗』,缸011Transhaion0‘iticismbyMaHongjun,7)4arts/alienTheoryandTechniquebyZhaoGuihua,plovidcatheoreticalbasisforthisdissertationThisdissertationisafurtherresearchbascduponpreviousliteratureonthissubject.Itputsforwarddefinitelytheconceptofliterarytranslationcriticism,pointingoutwhatthisdissertationconcentratesuponisliterarytranslationcriticism,butnottranslationcriticism.Itdefinesthebasicconcepts(tilenature,methodology,ctc.)ofliterarytranslationcriticismasstrictlyaspossibletoavoidambiguities,andmakesspecialdistinctionsbctweenconfusingconcepts,likeliterarytranslationcriticismversusliterarytranslationteclmique.Tiffsdissertationfirststudiesliterarytranslationcriticisminitsinnersystem(Chapter3),exalniningnature,typology,function,criterionandmethodology,constructingaprelinlinaryframeworkofliterarytranslationcriticismandtryingtoanswerquestionssuchaswhatisliteratytranslationcriticism,howlocoml,wtit.Thisdissertationspeciliestheconceptofrecta-literarytranslationcriticisminparticular,notingthatthecriticismofliterarytranslationel‘iticismassuchisofgreatsignificancemidthatitcontributestOthcoreticalstudies.Thenthisdissertationstudiesliterarytranslationcriticisminitsoutersystem(Chapter4),examiningtilerelationshipbetweenliterarytranslationcriticismanditsrelateddisciplines,thatis,literarytranslationteaching,literarytranslationtechniqueandliterarytranslationtheory,enablingUStolocatethepositionofliterarytranslationcriticisminliterarytranslationtheoryandtohaveallexactunderstandingofliterarytranslationcriticism.Toconclude,thisdissertationfirstdecomposesliterarytranslationcriticismintoitsnature,typology,function,criterionandmethodologyintileinnersystem,conductingastudyonamicro—level.Thenitresearchesintotherelationshipbetweenliteral’Ytranslationcriticismandtherelateddisciplinesonamacro—level,takingliterarytranslationcriticismasasingleentity.Tileanalyticalexaminationofliterarytranslationcriticisminitsinnersystemandthecomparativeexaminationofliterarytranslationcriticismandtilerelateddisciplinesillitsoutersystemtogethercontributetoathoroughinterpretationofliterarytranslationcriticism.IVThetheoreticalframeworkofliterarytranslationcriticismisdynamicinsteadofstatic.Itdevelopsconstantlyasliterarytranslationthcowandtherelateddisciplinesdevelop.Inaddition,thebasictheoriesofliterarytranslationcriticismneedfurthering.Thisisbecausebasictheoriesareofgreatimportanceandinfluencethefuturestudyprofoundly.KeyWOI‘ds:literarytranslationcriticism;innersystem;outersystemAcknowledgements1wouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetomysupervisorProf.DcngHongfeng,whohasadvisedmldencouragedmeduringthewholewritingprocessfromthefirstdrafttothefinalone,showinggreatpatienceandinsight.Withoutguidanceandstimulatinginfluencefromhim,thisdissertationwouldbesimplyimpossible.1amalsotremendouslyindebtedtoProf.YmlgZUian,Prof.ZhangDelu,Prof.LiuRushan,ProfiZhaoDeyuandallthcotherprofessorsduringmygraduateyears,whoscteachingsontranslationandlinguisticsIfindunexceptionallybeneficialtomystudy.1anlgratefultoallmyclassmates,espcciallySongChengfang,fortheCOtlrseofthestudyisaccompaniedbywillingexchangesofdocumentsandideasamongUS.——一垒堕!!!鲤!!!!:翌!!!!曼!!!堕堕!!!!型旦竺型型竺£型!!!!!!ATheoreticalFrameworkofLiteraryr”■J●●n··一IranSIatlonUriticismChapterOneIntroductionI.1WhatDoLitel’amre,TranslationandCriticismMeaninThisDissertatiOIl?Beforetakingafurtherstepinelaboratinguponliterarytranslationcriticism,itisnecessarytodefineliterature,translationandcriticismstrictlyfirst.Astoliterature,cfllai(辞海编辑委员会,1994:1732)offersadefinitionasfollows:‘Oneofthesocialideologies.AllbooksandliteraturewereoncecalledliteratureinancienttimesbothinChinaandabroad.Inmodemtimes,itisusedtorefersolelytotheartwhichcrcatcscharactersbynleallSoflanguagetoreflectsociallifeandtileauthor’Smindsandsentiments.Therefore,itmayalsobecalled‘‘alinguisticart”…InChina,duringtileWetDynasty,theJinDynastyandtheSouthernandNorthernDynasties,whichstretchfromA.D.22Itill589,literaturewasdividedintoverseandprose,Inn'todcmtimes,itisusuallydividedintopoetry,prose,fiction,dramaandStellario.’Inthisdissertation,literaturemeansasitisdefinedabove,includingpoetry,prose,fiction,dramaandSCellario.Translationmeans,toHseRomanJakobson’Sterms(EdwinGcntzler,1993:1),interlingualtranslation,ortheinterpretationofsignsinonelanguagewithsignsfromanotherlanguage(translationproper).Itexcludesintralingualtranslation.arewordingofsignsinollelanguagewithsignsfromthesamelanguage,aswellasintersemiotictranslation,ortiletransfer(‘tlansmutation’)ofATheoreticalFrameworkofLiteraryTranslationCriticismthesignsinonelanguagetonon—verbalsignsystems(fromlanguageintoartormusic).Astocriticism,ModernChineseDictionar),(中圈社私}I皖语言形}究所词典编辑室,1983:865)presentstwoexplanations:(1)pointingoutortopointoutmeritsanddemerits;and(2)criticizingortocriticizedemeritsanderrors.Inthisdissertation,however,criticismisemploycdinthreesenses:(1)practiceofcriticisln,thatis,theactivityofpointingoutbothmeritsanddemerits;(2)researchoncriticism,thatis,researchonhowtopointoutmeritsanddemerits;and(3)articlesandbooksonc^tidsm1.2Methodand0bjectivesTiffsdissellationinvestigatesliterarytranslationcriticisminitsinnersystemandoutersystem.Throughstudyingtheelementsofinnersystem,thatis,nature,typology,function,criterionandmethodology,thisdissertationletsUSgraspthebasicideaofliterarytranslationcriticism.Tbroughstudyingitsoutersystem(therelationshipbetweenliteral’Ytranslationcriticismandliterarytranslationteaching,thedifferencebetweenliterarytranslationcriticismandliterarytranslationtechnique,andtherelationshipbetweenliterarytranslationcriticismandliterarytranslationtheories),thisdissertationletsUSkamwitspositioninliterarytranslationtheory,thusobtainingamoreexactunderstandingofthenatureoflitcrarytranslationcriticism.InthisdissertationIattempttoachievethreetheoreticalobjectives.Firstly,toobtainadeepandexactunderstandingofthenatureofliterarytranslationcriticism,thebasicconceptsofwhichdeserveadeepandexactresearchandareoftheoreticalcriticisminbothitsinnersystenlsignificance.Secondly,tostudyliterarytranslationandoutersystem.Thismayprovideanewmodelofresearchforlaterstudiesinthisfield.Thirdly,todefinebasicconceptsstric@:Thismaygivesomeinspirationstofiflurestudiesinthisfield.Thatis,conceptsshouldbedefinedstrictlybeforetheyarestudied,thusavoidingpossibleambiguity.21.3OutlineofThisDissertationThisdissertationconsistsof5chapters.ChapterOne,thatis,thepresentchapteLisallintroduction.Itstudieswhatliterature,translationandcriticismnleaninthisdissertation,thenpresentsthemethodandobjectives,andtheoutlineintheend.ChapterTwoisareviewofpreviousresearchonliterarytranslationcriticism.Itfirstsummarizesthetheoreticalstatus,thenpointsouttheproblemsunsolvedandprovidestrialsolutions.ChapterThreedealswiththeimaersystemofliterarytranslationcriticism,whichcontainsnature,typology,function,Cl‘iterionandmethodology.translationcriticism,thatis,ChapterFourdealswiththeoutersystemofliterarytherelationshipbetweenliterarytranslationcriticismandliterarytranslationteaching,thedifferencebetweenliterarytranslationcriticismandliterarytranslationteclmique,andtherelationshipbetweenliterarytranslationcriticismandliterarytranslationtheories.forChapterFive,thatis,thelastchapter,isaconclusionandpresentstimpointsftiartherresearch.3ChapterTwoAReviewofPreviousResearchonLiteraryTranslationCriticism2.1TheoreticalStatusLiterarytranslationcriticismisallimportantbranchofliterarytranslationtheories,aswellasallimportantpartot’literarytranslationcause.Atthesametime,itisalsoanindispensablclinkinliterarytranslationprocess.Manyscholarshaveexaminedit.However,itshouldbepointedoutthatbecausemanypeopletendtoregardtranslationcriticismasliterarytranslationcriticism,andbecausetranslationcriticismismoregeneralacategorythanliterarytranslationcriticism,theirresearchesontranslationcriticismarestillofhelptotheresearchonliterarytranslationcriticismhere.Astotheresearchonnature,WangEmnian(1999:7—10)issystematic.Hewritesthat‘Translationcriticism,asapartoftranslationstudies,istheanalysisandevaluationoftranslationthoughts,translationactivitiesandtranslations,accordingtosometheoriesamdviewpoints,inordertoimprovethetranslator’Squalificationsandthequalityoftranslationasawhole.’hiaddition,LiuShusen(1997:184),ZhengHailing(2000:19-22)andWenJun(2000:65—68)alsoresearchintothisaspect.Astothestudyoftypology,YangXiaorong(1993:19—23)isparticularlyworthmcntioning.Shepointsout‘thattranslationcriticismmay,atleast,bedividedintotwolevels,thatis,superficialcriticismanddeepcriticism.Generallyspeaking,superficialcriticismusuallyreferstotheassessmentoftranslationtechniques,anddeepcriticismusuallyreferstotheassessmentoftranslationtheories.’Shenotonlyputsforwardexplicitlythetwolevelsoftranslationcriticism,thatis,superficialcriticismanddeepcriticism,butimpliesthattheremayexistotherlevels.OtherscholarswhotouchthisareaincludeLuJun&HouXiangqunr2001:336~344).Astothestudyoffunction,PeterNewmark(2001:181)andBerman(许钧、袁莜一等.2001:292)bothexploreit.PeterNewmarkpointsoutthattranslationcriticismisallessentiallinkbetweentranslationtheoryanditspracticeandthat‘Ithasfive4purposes:(a)toimprovestandardsoftranslation;(b)toprovideanobjectlessonfortranslators;(e)tothrowlightonideasabouttranslationatparticulartimesandinparticularsubject—areas;(d)toassistintheinterpretationoftileworkofsignificantwritersandsignificanttranslators;(e)toassesscriticallysemanticandgramlnaticaldifierencesbetweenSLand’rL.’Astothestudyofcriterion,BeFlllan(订:钧、袁莜一等,2001:292)putsforwardmoralcriterionandpoeticcriterion.Tilemoralcriteriontargetstheoriginaltext,requiringthatthetranslatorshould‘respect’tileoriginaltextandthatheshouldalsobe‘responsible’totheoriginaltext.Thepoeticcriteriontargetsthereceptivelanguage,stressingthatthetranslatedtextmustbeabletoexistasanorganicwhole,andnmstbecharacterizedbyitsrhythm,consistentstyleandinhel‘entunity.Inaddition,otherscholarsthatstudycriterionincludeJiaoJuyin(《翻泽通讯》编辑部,1984:35—43)andZhaoShaohou(《翻译通讯》编辑部,1984:68—72).Astothestudyofmethodology,PeterNewmarkf2001:l86—189)isworthnoting.Heproposesthatthereare‘twopossibleapproaches,tilefunctionalandtheanalytical.Thefunctionalisageneralapproach,tileattempttoassess--whetherthetranslatorhasachievedwhatheattemptedtodoandwherehefellsbort.Thisresponseisilltermsofideas.Detailstendtogetmissedout.Tosomeextenttiffsisasubjectiveapproach,theequivalent,intilecaseofateachergradingascript,of“impressionmarking”,andthereforeunreliable’andthat‘TheanalyticalappI’eachisdetailed…itrests0ntheCanbeassessedinsectionsandthatjustasabadtranslationisassumptionthatatexteasiertorecognizethanagoodone,SOamistakeiseasiertoidentifythanacorrectorfelicitousanswer.’Therearenotmanysystematicresearchesontheoutersystemofliterm’Ytranslationcriticism.However,RandomTalksOHTranslationCriticismbyMaHongjun(2000),whichcriticizesparticularaspectsoftranslationandgivesdeepinspirationstoreadel’S,canbeconsideredafinetextbookoftranslation.LiteraryTranslationCriticisntResearchbyXuJun(I992)isoneoftheearliestmonographs(oreventheearliestmon091.aph)entitledwith‘literarytranslationcriticism’,thusreflectingtheaccuracyofresearch,sttldiestherelationshipbetweenliterarytranslationcriticismandliterarytranslationtheories,andconductscriticismofliterarytranslationswithconvincingpower.2.2ProblemsandSolutionsHowever,theresearchOilliterarytranslationcriticismlagsfarbehindthoseonotherbranchesofliterarytranslationtheorics,andthepracticeofliterarytranslationcriticismisnotabletomeettheneedofthedevelopmentoftheliterarytranslationcause.Altboughliterarytranslationcriticismhasmadegreatcontributionstotheimprovementofliterarytranslationandtothedevelopmentoftheliterarytranslationcause,thesecontributionsarestill,insomesense,insufficient.Theproblemsinthefieldofliterarytranslationcriticismareasfollows:(1)Somebasicterminologiesarenotyetstrictlydefined.Insomebooksandarticlcsonthissubject,literarytranslationcriticismandtranslationcriticismarenotdistinguishedfromeachother,noraretheydefinedscientifically;thereisatendencytorelbrtotheformerasthelatter,andtherescarchOiltilesubjectsandobjectsofliterarytranslationcriticismisnotdeepenough.(2)Basicresearchofsignificantvalueisfarfromenough.Thepresentresearch011literarytranslationcriticismconcentratesmainlyonthecomparativeanalysisofboththeoriginalandthetranslatedtextsonanficrocosmielevelorisimpressionistandsubjecttosubjectivefactors.Althoughitmaythrowsomclightsuponourunderstandingofliterarytranslationcriticism,ithasnotpaidenoughattentiontotheinnersystem,whichcontainselementsofliterarytranslationcriticism,andtheoutersystem,whichisconcemedwiththestudyoftherelationshipbetweenliterarytranslationcriticismanditsrelateddisciplines.Theexplanationsforthesephenomenaarethatliterarytranslationcriticismisconsideredawasteoftimeandeffortsandtodonogoodtotheliterarytranslationcritics(Forinstance,tomakeathoroughandobjectiveassessmentofatranslatedworkATheoreticalFrameworkofLiteraryTranslatiouCriticismrequiresmuchtimeandgreatcfforts.What’Smore,ifthecriticpointsoutsomeelTOrSinthetranslatedwork,eVCUthoughhisintentionsmaybegood,hemayarousethetranslator’Sdisgust);thatcomparedwithliterarytranslators,therealefewliterarytranslationcritics,andparticularlyprofessionalcriticswhoarewellpreparedintranslationtheoriesandarecapableoftranslation;andthatsomecriticsarenotabletocriticizeeffectively,duetothefactthattheylackessentialliterarytranslationcriticismtheories;andthatSOlVeareunwillingtocriticize,becausetheyhavenotyetfullycriticism.recognizedthesignificanceofliterarytranslationtranslationAccordingly,attemptsaremadeattheinnersystemofliterarycriticism,includingitsnature,typology,function,criterionandmethodology,inexaminationofChapterThree,andattheoutersystem,whichisconcernedwiththetherelationshipbetweenliterarytranslationcriticismanditsrelateddisciplines,indissertationChapterFour,respectively.Intheilmersystemandtheoutersystem,thisdiscussesthebasicterminologiesandmakesspecialdistinctionsbetweenconfusingcriticismintheconcepts.Throughtheanalyticalexamination01.1iterarytranslationimlersystemandthecomparativeexaminationofliterarytranslationcriticismandtheisrelateddisciplinesintheoutersystem,thestudyofliterarytranslationcriticismdeepened.一AI。