如何写好英文合同(中英文对照)
Before You Write the First Word
第一部分：在动笔之前
1. Ask your client to list the deal points. This can be in the form of a list, outline or narration. Doing this will help the client focus on the terms of the agreement.
1.要求你的客户列出合同交易的要点，也可以说是合同的清单、目录或概述。这一招首
先帮助你的客户弄清合同的重点所在。
2. Engage your client in "what if" scenarios. A good contract will anticipate many possible factual situations and express the parties’ understanding in case those facts arise. Talking to your client about this will generate many issues you may not otherwise consider.
2.让你的客户提供一些假设可能发生的情况。好的合同不仅能够预见到许多可能发生的
情况，而且还能清楚地描述出发生这些情况后合同双方的立场。和客户聊这些情况将有
助于你发现一些你可能没有考虑到的问题。
3. Ask your client for a similar contract. Frequently, clients have had similar transactions in the past or they have access to contracts for similar transactions.
3.请求你的客户提供类似的合同。通常情况下，客户都保留着过去的交易记录或者是类
似合同。
4. Search your office computer or the Internet for a similar form. Many times you can find a similar form on your computer. It may be one you prepared for another client or one you negotiated with another lawyer. Just remember to find and replace the old client’s name. Starting with an existing form saves time and avoids the errors of typing.
4.在办公室的电脑中或是在因特网上搜索类似的合同范本。通常你会在你的电脑上找到
你想要的东西，这些类似的合同范本要么是你给其他客户准备的，要么是你和其他的律
师共同协商起草的。使用这些旧合同可以为你节省时间和避免打印错误，不过，用这些
合同范本时别忘了替换掉老客户的名字。
5. Obtain forms in books or CD-ROM. Typical forms of contracts can be found in form books, such as West’s Legal Forms (a nationwide set) and Florida Jur Forms, as well as in treatises and Florida Bar CLE publications. These can be used as the starting point for drafting the contract or as checklists of typical provisions and wording to include in the contract. Many treatises and form books
now come with forms on disk or CD-ROM.
5.从书中或者是光盘上获取合同范本。典型的合同范本在一些范例书中都可能找到：比如,西方法律文书（全国版）佛罗里达州文书期刊，另外，在有些论文和佛罗里达州律师协会的法律继续教育出版物中也可以找到一些。起草合同时，你可以把这些范本当做原
始资料，利用其中某些典型的条款和措词。更为方便的是，许多论文和书中的合同范本
都有电子文本储存在磁盘或光盘中。
6. Don’t let your client sign a letter of intent without this wording. Sometimes clients are anxious to sign something to show good faith before the contract is prepared. A properly worded letter of intent is useful at such times. Just be sure that the letter of intent clearly states that it is not a contract, but that it is merely an outline of possible terms for discussion purposes. See Appendix
C.
6.如果没有特别申明，不要让你的客户在意向书上签字。有时候，在合同未准备好之前，客户为了表示诚意，往往急于签署某些东西，当然，在这种情况下，如果客户急于签署
的是有特别申明的意向书，这也是可以的，但一定要注明：本意向书并非合同，只是双
方为了更好地沟通协商，而拟定的对未来条款的概述。类似意向书的范例见附录C。
Writing that First Word
第二部分：开始起草合同
7. Start with a simple, generic contract form. The form in Appendix A is such
a form. It provides a solid starting point for the structure of the contract. Like a house, a contract must have a good, solid foundation.
7.从简单、典型的合同入手。附录A就是一个简单、典型的合同，它提供了一个合同的
基本支架。像房子一样，一个合同必须有一个牢固的根基。
8. State the correct legal names of the parties in the first paragraph. As obvious as this is, it is one of the most common problems in contracts. For individuals, include full first and last name, and middle initials if available, and other identifying information, if appropriate, such as Jr., M.D., etc. For corporations, check with the Secretary of State where incorporated.
8.在合同的第一段要写清楚双方的名称。，这是个简单而又不得不引起重视的问题。如
果是个人，要写清姓和名,中间有大写字母和其他身份信息的，也要注明，例如：jr.,M.D,等等；如果是公司，为避免弄错，写名称时可以到公司注册地的相应机构去核对一下。
9. Identify the parties by nicknames. Giving each party a nickname in the first paragraph will make the contract easier to read. For example, James W. Martin would be nicknamed "Martin."
9.确定合同双方的别称（简称）。为便于阅读，一般要在合同的第一段为双方弄一个别称，
如：将詹姆士.马丁简写为"马丁"。
10. Be careful when using legal terms for nicknames. Do not use "Contractor" as
a nickname unless that party is legally a contractor. Do not use "Agent" unless you intend for that party to be an agent, and if you do, then you better specify the scope of authority and other agency issues to avoid future disagreements.
10.使用法定术语作为双方当事人的别称时，要小心。除非一方当事人在法定上就是承包人，否则不要将"承包人"作为其别称。同样，除非你想让一方当事人成为法定上的代理人，否则不要称其为"代理人"，如果坚持要用，最好明确一下代理范围并找到其他可以
避免将来争执的方案。
11. Include a blank for the date in the first paragraph. Putting the date in the first paragraph makes it easy to find after the contract is signed. It also makes it easy to describe the contract in other documents in a precise way, such as the "December 20, 2000, Contract for Sale of Real Estate."
11.在合同的第一段要为书写签约时间留下空格。把签约时间放在第一段，当合同签署后，你就能够很容易地找到它，而且，这样做还可以给你在其他相关文件中准确地描述
这个合同提供帮助，范例如：不动产买卖合同，订立于2000年12月20日
12. Include to provide background. Recitals are the "whereas" clauses that precede the body of a contract. They provide a simple way to bring the contract’s reader (party, judge or jury) up to speed on what the contract is about, who the parties are, why they are signing a contract, etc. The first paragraph in the body of the contract can incorporate the recitals by reference and state that they are true and correct. This will avoid a later argument as to whether or not the recitals are a legally binding part of the contract.
12.书写引述语。引述语是指那些放在合同主体前面的"鉴于"条款。书写此类条款的目的是为了让读者（通常指合同双方，法官，陪审团）很快地了解到合同的主要内容是什么，合同双方是谁，以及他们为什么签订合同，等等。当然，合同主体的第一段也可以加上
引述语并陈述其是真实准确的，如果这样做了，合同双方将来就不会争执：引述语作为
合同的一部分是否具有法律效力？
13. Outline the contract by writing out and underlining paragraph headings in their logical order. The paragraphs should flow in logical, organized fashion. It is not necessary to write them all at once; you can write them as you think of them. Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent paragraphs. For example, wri te an employment contract’s initial paragraph headings like this:
Recitals.
Employment.
Duties.
Term.
Compensation.
13.按逻辑顺序列出合同段落的标题词.合同的段落是按一定的逻辑顺序组织起来的，当然，你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的标题词，想到多少就写多少，不过，这些标题词要力求总结出每个段落或相关段落的内容。比如：撰写劳动合同时列出的标题词就像下面这些：
引述语
聘用
职责
期限
赔偿
14. Complete each paragraph by writing the contract terms that apply to that paragraph. This is simple. You learned this in elementary school. Just explain in words what the parties agree to do or not do paragraph by paragraph. 14.在撰写每一段时要注意内容集中，不要东拉西扯，是的，这很简单，你可能上小学时就学过，但我还是要提醒你，要集中火力，一段一段地分别说明合同双方同意做什么，不同意做什么。
15. Keep a pad at hand to remember clauses to add. It is normal to think of additional clauses, wording and issues while writing a contract. Jot these down on a pad as you write; they are easily forgotten. Also keep your client’s outline and other forms in front of you as you write, and check off items as you write them.
15.放一个便笺簿在手边，以便记下需要添加的条款。在书写合同的同时，你可能随时会想到一些需要添加条款、措词和问题，要尽快记在便笺簿上，因为他们太容易忘了。另外，你最好将客户列出的要点和一些类似的合同范本也放在眼前，以便在书写过程中随时查对。
16. Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity. Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once; it is almost impossible to say it twice without creating ambiguity. Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way. In addition, if you use an example to clarify a difficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded.
16.除非是为了更清晰地说明问题，否则不要在合同中重复陈述某个内容。将一个事实来回地说很容易让人模棱两可。如果你将一个概念重复地解释，那理解起来就更有困难。另外，如果你想通过一个例子来阐明一个难以理解的概念或规则时，一定要考虑到其所有的含义、这个例子的准确性以及它和概念的相符性。
What to Watch Out for When Writing
第三部分：撰写时的注意事项
17. Title it "Contract." Do not leave this one to chance. If your client wants
a contract, call it a contract. A judge now sitting on the federal bench once ruled that a document entitled "Proposal" was not a contract even though signed by both parties. The lesson learned is, "Say what you mean." If you intend the document to be a legally binding contract, use the word "Contract" in the title.
17.标题上注明"合同"两字。不要为碰运气而忽略这个。如果你的客户需要合同，就要注明是合同。一个仍在联邦法院里任职的法官就曾经裁定：有双方签字，但标有"建议书"
的文件并非合同。这给我们的教训就是，你怎么想，就应该怎么说。如果你想让你的文
件成为具有法律效力的合同，就要在标题中注明"合同"字样。
18. Write in short sentences. Short sentences are easier to understand than long ones.
18.写短句子，因为短句子比长句子让人更容易理解。
19. Write in active tense, rather than passive. Active tense sentences are shorter and use words more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent. Example of active: "Sellers shall sell the Property to Buyer." Example of passive: "The Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller."
19.用主动语态而不用被动语态。相对而言，主动语态的句子更简短，措词更精练，表达更明白。还是让我们来来看一个例子吧，主动语态的句子：卖方将把此物卖给买方;被动语态的句子：此物将被卖方卖给买方。
20. Don’t use the word "biweekly." It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week. The same applies to "bimonthly." Instead, write "every other week" or "twice a week."
20.不要用“双周”之类的词，因为这有可能产生歧义是两周还是每隔一周？类似的词还有"双月",所以最好这样写:"两周"或"每隔一周"。
21. Don’t say things like "active termites and organisms". Avoid ambiguity by writing either "active termites and active organisms" or "organisms and active termites." When adding a modifier like "active" before a compound of nouns like "termites and organisms", be sure to clarify whether you intend the modifier to apply to both nouns or just the first one. If you intend it to apply to both, use parallel construction and write the modifier in front of each noun. If you intend it to apply to just one noun, place that one noun at the end of the list and the modifier directly in front of it.
21.不要说"活动着的白蚁和有机体"之类的话，为了避免模棱两可，最好这样写：“活动着的白蚁和活动着的有机体”或是“白蚁和活动着的有机体”。当一组名词（如"白蚁和有机体"）前有一个修饰语（如"活动着的"）时，你一定要弄清楚这个修饰语是修饰两个名词还是仅仅修饰第一个名词。如果是修饰两个词，可以用排比的手法分别在这两个词
之前加上修饰语，如果你只想修饰一个名词，那么你就应该把这个词放在这组词的最后，然后在它的前面加上修饰语。
22. Don’t say "Lessor" and "Lessee." These are bad nicknames for a lease because they are easily reversed or mistyped. Use "Landlord" and "Tenant" instead. The same applies to lienor and lienee, mortgagor and mortgagee, grantor and grantee, licensor and licensee, party A and party B. This is where you can use your creativity to come up with a different nickname for a party, as long as you use it consistently throughout the contract.
22.不要说“出租人”和“承租人”。这对一个租赁合同来说是些不好的别称，因为他们容易被颠倒或者出现打印错误。可以用“房东”和“房客”来代替他们。同样，在合同
中也不要说留置权人和留置人，抵押权人和抵押人，保证人和被保证人，许可人和被许
可人，当事人A和当事人B......到底怎么说，这就要看你驾驭语言的能力了，不过，要把握的一条原则，即在整个合同中，对合同一方只能用一个别称。
23. Watch out when using "herein." Does "wherever used herein" mean anywhere in the contract or anywhere in the paragraph? Clarify this ambiguity if it matters.
23.使用术语“本文（herein，也可译为”“在这里”）时要当心。为了避免含糊不清，使用“本文”时最好特别申明一下“本文”是指整个合同，还是指其所在的某一段落。
24. Write numbers as both words and numerals: ten (10). This will reduce the chance for errors.
24.写数目时要文字和阿拉伯数字并用，如：拾（10）。这将减少一些不经意的错误。
25. When you write "including" consider adding "but not limited to." Unless you intend the list to be all-inclusive, you had better clarify your intent that it is merely an example.
25.如果你想用"包括"这个词，就要考虑在其后加上"但不限于....."的分句。除非你能
够列出所有被包括的项，否则最好用"但不限于...."的分句，来说明你只是想举个例子。
26. Don’t rely on the rules of grammar. The rules of grammar that you learned in school are not universal. The judge or jury interpreting the meaning of your contract may have learned different rules. Write the contract so that no matter what rules they learned, the contract is clear and unambiguous. Follow this test for clear writing: Remove all periods and commas, then read it. Choosing the right words and placing them in the right place makes the writing clear without punctuation.
26.不要依赖于语法规则。那些你在学校里得到的语法规则并不是放之四海而皆准的东西，因为有权力来解释此合同的法官或陪审团成员学的语法规则可能和你学的不一样，但不管学的是什么规则，撰写合同都要遵循一个基本原则：简洁、明确。检测你写的东西是否达到这个要求有个好办法，那就是去掉所有的句号和逗号，然后去读它。在没有标点符号的情况下，选择正确的词语放在正确的位置上，这将使你写出来的东西更简明，更流畅。
27. Don’t be creative with words. Contract writing is not cr eative writing and is not meant to provoke reflective thoughts or controversies about nuances of meaning. Contract writing is clear, direct and precise. Therefore, use common words and common meanings. Write for the common man and the common woman. 27.不要创造词语。合同文书不是创造性的作品，也就不能因为意思的细微差别而引起思考或争论。合同文书应该是清晰、直接而准确的。因此，要使用普通的词语,表达普通的意思，为普通人撰写合同。
28. Be consistent in using words. If you refer to the subject matter of a sales contract as "goods" use that term throughout the contract; do not alternately call them "goods" and "items." Maintaining consistency is more important than avoiding repetition. Don’t worry about putting the reader to sleep; worry about the opposing lawyer a year from now hunting for ambiguities to get your contract into court.
28.用词一致。在一份销售合同中，如果你想用“货物”来指整个合同的标的物，就不要时而称它们为“货物”，时而又改称它们为“产品”。保持用词一致性比避免重复更加重要。不要担心这会让读者打瞌睡；你应该提防的是对方律师会因为含糊不清的合同而将你告上法庭。
29. Be consistent in grammar and punctuation. The rules of grammar and punctuation you learned may differ from others, but you had better be consistent in your use of them. Be aware of such things as where you put ending quote marks, whether you place commas after years and states, and similar variations in style. 29.在文法和标点符号上保持一致。你可能学过许多不同类的文法和标点符号规则，但在使用它们时最好保持一致。要特别注意句末的引号、时间和地点之后的逗号以及文风的相似性。
30. Consider including choice of law, venue _selection, and attorneys fee clauses. If your contract gets litigated, you might as well give your client some "ammunition" for the fight. Examples of these clauses appear in Appendices A and
C.
30.可以在合同中加入准据法、审判地、律师费等条款。有了这些条款，一旦合同引起诉讼，你就已经为了你的客户打这场诉讼战准备了一些“弹药”。类似的条款见附录A和B。
Write for the Judge and Jury
第四部分：要为法官和陪审团考虑
31. Assume the reader is a knowledgeable layman. If your writing is so clear that
a layman could understand it, then it is less likely it will end up in court.
31.要假设合同的读者是一个受过教育的外行,如果你书写的合同简明得连一个外行都能
理解，那么即使到了法庭上,,你也不用害怕。
32. Define a word by capitalizing it and putting it in quotes. Capitalizing a word indicates that you intend it to have a special meaning. The following are two sample clauses for defining terms:
Wherever used in this contract, the word "Goods" shall mean the goods that Buyer has agreed to purchase from Seller under this contract.Buyer hereby agrees to purchase from Seller ten (10) frying pans, hereinafter called the "Goods." 32.强调一个合同术语可以这样做：加上双引号并将其开头的字母大写。将一个词语的开
头字母大写表明你想让它有一个特别的意思。下面有两个定义术语的例子：
一.本合同中使用的“货物”("Goods")是指买方已经同意向卖方购买的货物;
二.本合同中买方同意向卖方购买的拾（10）只平底锅，即下文中的“货物”("Goods")。
33. Define words when first used. Instead of writing a section of definitions at the beginning or end of a contract, consider defining terms and concepts as they first appear in the contract. This will make it easier for the reader to follow.
33.第一次使用某个术语时就要下定义。定义合同术语不是在合同的开头，也不是在合同
的结尾，而是在这个术语第一次出现的时候，这样做，有利于读者更好地理解合同。
34. Explain technical terms and concepts. Remember that the parties might understand technical jargon, but the judge and jury who interpret and apply the contract do not. Therefore, explain the contract’s terms and concepts within the contract itself. Let the contract speak for itself from within its four corners.
34.勤于解释合同中的术语和概念。要记住合同双方的当事人可能会理解合同中某些专用
术语，但法官和陪审团却可能一无所知。所以撰写合同时要让合同自己为自己释义。
Keep Your Client Informed While You Write
第五部分：书写时要常和你的客户沟通
35. All contracts should come with a cover letter. This gives you a place to instruct your client on how to use and sign the contract.
35.所有的合同都应该有一封说明书-用来告诉你的客户如何使用和签署合同。
36. Tell your client the ideas that come as you write. Many ideas will occur to you as you write: things that could go wrong with the deal, things that might happen in the future, things that happened in the past, ways to structure things better. Write these in your letter to the client.
36.告诉客户你在撰写过程中的一些想法。比如：哪些事情可能会随着交易变得很遭，哪些事可能会在将来发生，哪些事情已经发生了，哪些可以让事情朝好的方向发展的方法.....你最好在给客户的说明书中都将这些都写上。
37. Inform your client of the risks. Writing a letter to the client as you write the contract is the perfect way to inform the client of the risks and rewards of entering into the contract. Frequently, problems do not become apparent until time is spent trying to word a contract.
37.告诉客户合同的风险所在。在撰写合同时，你最好向客户说订立合同需要承担的风险和能够得到的利益。通常情况下，只要你花时间来起草合同，你就会发现真正的风险在哪里。
What To Do After the First Draft Is Written
第六部分：完成初稿后做什么
38. Check spelling, paragraph numbering, and cross references both manually and with yo ur word processor’s spelling and grammar checker. This almost goes without saying today, especially since Microsoft Word now checks your spelling and grammar as you type. (Unfortunately it also changes "per stirpes" to "per stupid" if you fail to watch it closely.) And now there are even computer programs that check contract documents for undefined terms. DealProof is packaged with Corel WordPerfect for law offices, and DocProofReader is available for download for MS Word 97 and 2000.
38.核实合同的拼写情况、段落序号以及上下文的注解，你可以自己手动来做，也可以用文字编辑软件中的拼写和语法检查功能来完成，特别是自从有了微软的word软件后，做这样的工作你似乎不要费多少精力（但机器有时也不可靠，如果你不看仔细，它就会把"per stirpes"改变为 "per stupid"）。现在，这类专业的软件甚至可以帮你检测到合同中没有释义的术语，如：Corel公司专门为法律办公开发的文字处理软件包中的DealProof 软件，还有可供word97和word2000下载安装的DocProofReader软件。
39. Let your secretary or paralegal read it. Not only will your staff frequently find spelling and grammar errors missed by your word processor’s spell checker, but they will find inconsistencies and confusing areas that you missed when
drafting.
39.让你的秘书或者助手阅读你草拟的合同。你的同事不仅能通过文字处理软件来帮你检查到你没有查到的拼写和语法错误，而且他们还能发现你起草时没有察觉到的矛盾和混淆之处。
40. Stamp "Draft #1 6/22/2000" on it. This may be the first of many drafts, so avoid confusion early by numbering and dating all drafts at the top of the first page. It is also a good idea to write "DRAFT" across the face of each page to preclude the possibility of an impatient client signing a draft rather than waiting for the final version.
40.在合同上注明“第一稿于200年6月22日”,第一稿完成后，可能还要草拟几个版本，为了避免他们之间相互混淆，最好在每份草稿首页的顶部注上序号和起草时间。另外，在每一个版本的封面上注明“草稿”字样，也能够避免你那急躁的客户不等到最后的定稿文本就急于签字。
41. Let your client read it. Letting the client in on reading the first draft assures that your drafting will stay in tune with the client’s wishes.
41让你的客户读你草拟的合同。你的客户读第一稿，可以确保你的起草的东西和客户的愿望相符。
42. Save the drafts as multiple files on your computer. If you save the first draft on your computer as two files, you will have one file identified as the first draft and the other identified as the current version. This can be done by naming the current version "contract" and the first draft as "contract.d1." Then, subsequent versions can be named "contract.d2", "contract.d3," etc., where the "d" in the extension indicates draft. (Of course, if you’re not using WordPerfect 5.1 for DOS, as I do, you can use long file names to show the contract name, draft number and draft date, such as "Contract Smith Jones draft 2 datd 6 22 2000.")
42.在电脑中将草拟的合同多保存几个复件。如果你将第一稿合同存了两份在电脑中，那么其中的一份可以用来存档，另一份则可以用来继续修改。用来存档的文件可以命名为"合同.草1"。用来修改的文件可以命名为"合同"。以此类推，以后修改的版本就命名为"合同.草2"，"合同.草3"，等等。带"草"字的扩展名表示此合同是草拟版本。（当然，你可能不经常用DOS下的WordPerfect 5.1软件，我是经常用的，你也可以用一个较长的文件名来清楚地表达出草拟合同的名称、编号及起草时间，范例如："史密斯.琼斯于2000年6月22日草拟的第二版合同"。）
43. Compare the current version to prior versions. If you save draft versions, it is very easy to compare one version to another using the wo rd processor’s compare feature or using the CompareRite computer program. When you compare "contract.d1" to "contract.d2", save the comparison as "contract.c21" and print
it to show the client what changes were made.
43.将当前的草拟版本和以前的版本进行比较。如果你存了很多合同的草拟版本，那么你就可以很容易地用文字处理软件或者是CompareRite软件来比较分析两个合同版本。当你用软件比较"合同.草1"和"合同.草2"两个版本时，最好将软件的分析结果打印出来送给客户看，让他知道变化在哪里。
How to Print and Sign the Final Draft
第七部分：怎样打印和签署最后的定稿合同。
44. Print the contract on 24 pound bond paper instead of 20 pound copier paper. Using a heavy bond paper will make it easy to tell the original contract from copies. It will also last longer.
44.用24磅的铜板纸而不是用20磅的复印纸来打印合同。用厚一点的纸不仅复印副本很容易，而且，它被保存的时间也要长一些。
45. Print on pages using the same paper, and if pages are changed, reprint the document using the same paper. This will avoid an argument that pages were substituted after the contract was signed.
45.打印整个合同要用同样的纸，如果打印过程中纸发生了改变，一定要用同样的纸再打印一次。这样做，对方就不会说合同在签署后被偷换了。
46. Sign the contract in blue ink, not black ink. This, too, will make it easier to differentiate the signed original contract from photocopies.
46. 最好用蓝墨水而不是用黑墨水来签署合同，因为蓝墨水可以很容易地让人区别出哪个是合同正本，哪个是影印副本。
47. Initial every page of the contract. Having each party initial each page of the contract will make it less likely that anyone could claim a page was changed after the contract was signed.
47.让双方在每页合同上签字，这样做可以避免有人怀疑合同签署后被更改过。
48. Identify the parties and witnesses who sign by providing blank lines below their signature lines for their printed names and addresses. This will make it easier to find the witnesses if the contract is contested. And remember to include two witnesses for commercial leases.
48.在合同签名栏的下方留下一些空白行，以便合同双方和见证人填写他们的名字和地址。这样，一旦合同引起纠纷，就能很容易地找到证人。要记住，一般的商业租赁需要两个见证人。
49. Be sure that corporate officers include their titles, the corporation name
and the word "as." Failure to do this can result in personal liability of the officer. The proper way to sign in a representative capacity is as follows: ABC Corporation, a Florida corporation
By:____________________________________
John Jones, as its President
49.签名者如果是公司官员，一定要写上他们的职务和其所在公司的名称。不这样做就可能导致这个官员个人承担责任。签约代表签名的正确方法如下：
ABC公司，佛罗里州分公司
签约代表：________________
公司总裁：史密斯.琼斯
50. Add a notary clause that complies with the notary law. The notary acknowledgement in Appendix B is such a clause.
50.根据公证法增加公证条款，类似的范例见附录B
Concluding Advice
最后的忠告
If these 50 tips don’t keep your contracts out of court, try mastering Strunk & White’s Elements of Style*. I hear it’s real handy in appellate work.
如果这50招都不能让你起草的合同免于诉讼，那你就去掌握斯创得.怀特先生的《设计原理》吧，我听说它对应付上诉非常有帮助。
常见的合同通用条款 GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT DATED日期 CONTRACT NAME合同名称 by and between合同双方 PARTY A NAME PARTY A甲方名称 and与 PARTY B NAME PARTY B乙方名称 TABLE OF CONTENT PRELIMINARY STATEMENT前言 1. DEFINITIONS定义 2. [OPERATIVE CLAUSES] 具体操作条款 3. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT如有必要，根据交易具体情况设定相应先决条件 4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 陈述和担保［保证］ 5. TERM合同期限 6. TERMINATION合同终止 7. CONFIDENTIALITY保密义务
8. BREACH OF CONTRACT违约 9. FORCE MAJEURE不可抗力 10. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES争议的解决 11. APPLICABLE LAW 适用法律 12. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS其他规定 THIS CONTRACT(“Contract”)is made in [city and province], China on this day of ,200 by and between [Party A name],[Party A entity form] established and existing under the laws of China, with its legal address at [address] (hereinafter referred to as “Party A”), and [Party B name], [Party B entity form] organized and existing under the laws of [Party Bjurisdiction of incoporation] with its legal address at [address] (hereinafter referred to as “Party B”). Party A and Party B shall hereinafter be referred to individually as a “Party ” and collectively as the “Parties”. 本合同于年月日由以下两方在［地点］签订： ［甲方名称］，一家根据中华人民共和国法律组建及存续的［甲方组织形式］，法定地址为［甲方法定地址］（以下简称“甲方”）： ［乙方名称］，一家根据［乙方所在国］法律组建及存续的［乙方组织形式］，法定地址为［乙方法定地址］（以下简称“乙方”）。 甲乙双方以下单独称为“一方”，合称为“双方”。 PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 前言 [add background information if appropriate]［视交易具体情况决定是否应介绍合同背景］ After friendly consultations conducted in accordance with the principles of equality and mutual benefit, the Parties have agreed to [describe subject matter of the Contract] in accordance with Applicable laws and the provisions of this Contract. 双方本着平等互利的原则，经友好协商，依照［相关法律名称］以及其他有关法律，同意按
1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Tradi ng Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract This Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. ＿＿This Agreement was made on the＿day of＿19＿, BETWEEN ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the Seller has agreed to sell and the buyer has agreed to buy ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Goods ) the quantity, specification, and price of which are provided in Schedule A. IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS: 5.Contract For Joint-Operation Enterprise ＿＿ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of ＿＿ and having its registered office at (hereinafter called “Party A”) AND ＿＿ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of ＿＿ and having its registere d office at (hereinafter called “Party B”) Party A and Party B (hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”) agree to jointly form a Co-operation Venture Company (hereinafter referred to as the “CVC”) in accordance with “the Laws of the People’s Republic of C hina on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Laws of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and other applicable laws and regulations. 6.MODEL CONTRACT Contract No. Date: Seller: Signed at: Address: Cable Address: Buyer: Address: Cable Address: The Seller and the Buyer have agreed to conclude the following transactions according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: http://biz.doczj.com/doc/ab15173350.html, of Commodity: 2.Specifications: 3.Quantity: 4.Unit Price: 5.Total Price: U.S.$: 6.Packing: 7.Time of Shipment: days after receipt of L/C. 8.Loading Port & Destination Port: From via to . 9.Insurance:
编号：_______________本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载 出口合同中英文版 甲方：___________________ 乙方：___________________ 日期：___________________
地址：地址： 电话：电话： 卖方与买方在平等、互利基础上，经双方协商一致同意按下列条款履行，并严格信守。第一条货物名称、规格、包装及暖头: 第二条卖方有权在3%以内多装或少装。 The Seller shall have the right in 3% more or less. 第三条装运期限：年月底前交货。 Time of shipment：in by the end of the delivery. 第四条装运口岸： Port of shipment： 第五条目的口岸： Port of destination：
第六条付款条件：按样品验收合格之日起60日内付清。 Terms of payment:60 days after the acceptance. 第七条装运条件：海运。 Terms of shipment：Land of qualified payment. 第八条包装和数量：出口纸箱包装。 Packing and quantity：export carton packaging. 第九条不可抗力：由于不可抗力使卖方不能在本合同规定期限内交货或者不能交货，卖方不负责任。但卖方必须立即电报通知买方。如果买方提出要求，卖方应以挂号向买方提供由有关机构出具的事故的证明文件。 Force Majeure：due to force majeuret so the seller can not within the time stipulated in the contract delivery or non-delivery of the goods> The Seller shall not be responsible for. But shall notify the Buyers by cable. If requested by the buyer? the seller should be registered toThe buyer by the relevant authorities of the accident issued documents. 第十条因执行本合同有关事项所发生的一切争执，应由双方通过友好方式协商解决。如果不能取得协议时，则在被告国家根据被告国家仲裁机构的仲裁程序规则进行仲裁。 仲裁决定是终局的，对双方具有同等的约束力，仲裁费用除非仲裁机构另有决定外，均 由败诉一方负担。 As a result of the implementation of matters related to the contract that all
编号：_______________ 本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打 印，感谢您的下载 国际贸易合同中英文对照版 甲方：___________________ 乙方：___________________ 日期：___________________
英文进口合同范本-- 合同编号(Contract No.): 签订日期（Date） : ________________
m 甘售 inr (signed a ° ________ __ The Buyer _________________________________________
Address- C >5H (T E _) -—— ________ f
卖方: The Seller: 地址: Address: 电话(Tel):_ 传真(Fax): 电子邮箱(E-mail):
买卖双方同意按照下列条款签订本合同: The Seller and the Buyer agree to conclude this Contract subject to the terms and conditions stated below: 1. 货物名称、规格和质量( Name, Specifications and Quality of Commodity ): 2. 数量(Quantity ): 允许的溢短装( % more or less allowed ) 3. 单价(Unit Price ): 4. 总值(Total Amount ):
英文销售合同_中英文对照销售合同范本英文销售合同_中英文对照销售合同范本(一) SALES CONTRACT 合同编号： Contract NO: 签订地点： Signed at: 签订日期： Date: 买方： The Buyers： 卖方： The Sellers： 双方同意按下列条款由买方售出下列商品：
The Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the following goods on terms and conditions as set forth below： (1)商品名称、规格及包装 (1)Name of Commodity ,Specifications and Packing (2)数量 (2)Quantity (3)单价 (3)Unit Price (4)总值 (4)Total Value (装运数量允许有 %的增减) (Shipment Quantity %more or less allowed) (5)装运期限：
(5)Time of Shipment： (6)装运口岸： (6)Port of loading： (7)目的口岸： (7)Port of Destination： (8)保险;由方负责，按本合同总值110%投保_____险。 (8)Insurance：To be covered by the___for 110% of the invoice value against_______. (9)付款：凭保兑的、不可撤销的、可转让的、可分割的即期有电报套汇条款/见票/出票____天期付款信用证，信用证以_____为受益人并允许分批装运和转船。该信用证必须在______前开到卖方，信用证的有效期应为上述装船期后第15天，在中国______到期，否则卖方有权取消本售货合约，不另行通知，并保留因此而发生的一切损失的索赔权。
合同 CONTRACT Contract No./合同编号： Conclusion Date/签订日期： Conclusion Place/签订地点： The Saller卖方： Address:地址： Tel/电话： Fax/传真： The Buyer买方： Address:地址： Tel/电话： Fax/传真： 1. This Contract is made by a nd between the Buyer a nd the Seller; whereby the Buyer agrees to buy a nd the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodities （to be referred to as “goods” hereunder）to the terms a nd conditions stipulated below: 本合同由卖方与买方共同签订，双方同意按照下列条款由卖方出售、买方购进下列货物: 2．Terms of Delivery/价格术语: FOB/CIF/CFR/ . The term FOB/CIF/CFR/ shall be subject to the International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise stipulated herein. 除非本合同另有规定，价格术语FOB/CIF/CFR/ 应适用国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS 2000）》。 3． Country of Origin a nd Manufacturers/原产国和制造厂商 3.1 Country of Origin:
S ALES CONTRA C T NOo : BS0812 5 DATE： NOV. 6 , 2008 THE S ELLER： BLUE SKY INTE R NATI0 NAL TRADING CO o ,LTD ? 118# 5TH NORTH RI NG ROAD, BE I GINQ P.R. CHINA THE BUYER： STAR CORPORATION 5 KINGROA D DU BAI, UAE T h i s C o ntra c t is made by and b e tw e e n the Buyer and S e llei; wh e reby the Buy e r agree to bu y and the Seller a gree to sell the un d ermen tioned c ommodity a c c ording to t lie term s a nd co n ditions st i pulat e d b e 1 o w 数量和金额可以上下浮动5% P A C K I NG： 2 0 piece s of Baby B 1 anke t s a r e p acked i n one
expo r t sta n dar d c a rt o n, solid co 1 or and s ize i n the s a me c a r ton. 包装：2 0条童毯被装进-项输出品标准硬纸盒、一样颜色利尺寸的装在相同的硬纸盒。 MAR KS： Shipping m a rk i n c 1 udes S TAR ,S/C No。,sty 1 e No o , port o f des tina t ion and c a r t on N o .陵头：运输吱头包括S TA R （公司名）、合同（sal e s contract）号码，款式号码，目的港和纸箱号码 Side mark m u st s how the co 1 o r t the s i ze of c a rton and p i ece s p e r carto n ? 侧唆头必须显示纸箱颜色，规格和每箱（童毯）条数 T I ME OF SHIPMENT：装运期 Wi t liin 60daysupon receip t o f the L / C wh i c h acc ord with relevant c buses o ft h i s Contract。收到符合合同的信用证^六十天内 POR T OF LOADI NG AND DESTINAT I ON：FromTianj i n, Chi nato Dub a i, UAE 装运港目的港 T r an s shipment i s all owed an d p artial shipme nt i s pro h i b i te d o 转运被允许，而且分批装运被禁止. IN S URANCE： To beeffecte d b y the Sei 1 e r for 1 1 0% o f inv o i c e value c ov e r in g Al 1 Ris k s and War Risk s a s p er CIC o f PICC d ated 01/01/1981.保险：卖方按合同金额的110%投保包含的一切险和战争险依照1981年的P I CC规则的CIC条约。 TERMS OF PAYMENT： By irrev o c able Let t er of Cre d i t at 60 d ay s a f t er s igh t, reaching the S e 1 1 er not 1 a te r t han Nov.30, 200 8 an d rem a in i ng v a li d f or n e gotiation in Ch i n a fo r f ur t her 15 days after th e a ffected s hipment o I n c a se of late ar r i v al of the L/C, the Se 1 1 er s hall not be liable for any d e lay i n ship me n t and shall ha v e the right t o res c i n d the c o ntra c t and / o r c 1 aim for damages0付款期限：不可撤销信用证，见票后6 0天付款.卖方收到信用证不得晚于08年月30号.偿付通知议付在中国装船后15天内提交单据，如果信用证迟到,卖方将不负责装船中的任何延迟而且将有权利废止合同和I或损害要求（赔偿）。 DOCUMENTS：文件 +Si g n e d invoice i n t r ipli cate, one or i g i nal o f w hicli s lioul d b e c ertifiedby Chamber of Com mere e o r CCPIT an d legalize d b y UAE em b ass y/co n su 1 ate in sei 1 er's country ? +签署的单据一式三份，一份正本应该被商会或CC PIT （贸促会）检定而且在卖方的国家被阿拉伯联合大公国大使馆I领事法律上认为正当。 +Ful 1 set （3/3） of c 1 ean on board o cean b i 11 o f lading ma r k e d <4fr e ight pr e paid" made out t o orde r blank en d o r sed n o t i fying th e app 1 icant. +全套（3 I 3）清洁海运提单标记"船货预付”空白抬头提单通知申请人。 +In s u r a n ce polic y i n dup lica te end o r s ed in b 1 a nk. +保险单一式两份空白背书。 +P a c k ing list i n t r i p 1 i c ate o +包装目录一式三份 + Cer t if i c at e of ori g in c erti f i e d by Cham b er of C o mmerce o r C CP I T and 1 e ga 1 i zed by U AE em b as s y/consulate in s e lie r "s countr y ?
工程施工合同 Contract 合同编号( Contract NO. )： 签订日期( Date )： 发包方（简称甲方） Party A: 承包方（简称乙方）： Party B: 根据《中华人民共和国合同法》以及其他有关法律法规规定的原则，结合本工程的具体情况，甲、乙双方在平等、自愿、协商一致的基础上达成如下协议，共同遵守。 According to “P.R.C Contract Law”,and other relevant laws and regulations to the specific circumstances of this project, parties A and B have hereby equally and voluntarily entered into the following agreement executed on the basis of mutual respect. 1.工程概况 Project overview 1.1工程名称： Project name: 1.2工程地点： Project location: 1.3工程范围： A. 新研发中心和新厂房的网络综合布线系统的施工； B. 数据中心的建设，主要包含：数据中心的装饰工程、电气系统、空调系统、机房闭路监控系统、机房门禁系统、消防系统改造、机柜系统等。 Project contents: A. The new R & D and new plant construction of network cabling systems; B. Data Center, mainly includes: data center decoration and electrical systems, air-conditioning systems, CCTV systems, access control systems, firefighting system reform, server rack systems. 1.4开工条件：合同生效后，甲方预付款到位和现场具备开工条件。 Start conditions: After the commencement of the contract, Party A has started advance and on-site conditions in place.
1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Trading Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract th This Contract is entered into this 5 day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. ＿＿ This Agreement was made on the＿day of＿ 19＿, BETWEEN ＿(hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the
出口合同 CONTRACT 日期： Date： 合同编号： Contract No.: 签约地点： Signed at： 买方： Buyer： 地址：邮编： Address：Postal Code： 电话：传真： Tel：Fax： 卖方： Seller： 地址：邮编： Address：Postal Code： 电话：传真：
Tel：Fax： 兹经买卖双方同意成交下列商品订立条款如下： The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: 1. 商品 货物名称、规格、包装、及装运唛头 Description of Commodity, Specifications, Packing and Shipping Marks 数量 QUANTITY 单价 UNIT PRICE 金额 AMOUNT 总计 Total 允许卖方在装货时溢装或短装%，价格按照本合同所列的单价计算。 The Seller are allowed to load the quantity with % more or less, the price shall be calculated according to the unit price stipulated in this contract. 2. 装运期限： Time of Shipment:
3. 装运口岸： Port of Loading: 4. 目的口岸： Port of Destination: 5. 付款条件 Terms of payment 本合同所售货物按照以下规定付款: This contract payment terms will be made with payments in accordance with following: 装运前100%付款。 100% payment before delivery. 6. 包装及唛头 Packing and Marking 包装:产品内外无品牌标志, 内垫安全泡沫, 因包装引起的损伤由卖方负责。 Package : without trademark on it, with safety bubble fixed, the damage cost will be covered by Seller. 7. 交货与装运期限 Time of delivery and shipment
采购合同 (Purchasing Contract) 合同编号(Contract NO.)： 合同签订地点(Signed At)：东营 签订时间(Date)：年月日出卖人(Seller)： 买受人(Buyer)： 鉴于：根据【中华人民共和国合同法】及相关法律法规，本着平等自愿、等价有偿、诚实诚信的原则，经双方协商一致，订立本合同。 According to the Contract law of the People's Republic of China and relevant laws and regulations,we conclude the contract on the basis of equality, voluntariness,compensation of equal value and sincerity. 第一条标的、数量、价款及交（提）货时间 Item 1 (object)Quantity Price and Delivery time 物资编码名称及规格型号Commodity code and type 生产厂家 Manufacture r 计量单位 Unit 数量 Quantity 单价（元） Unit Price 总金额（元） Total Amount 备注 Note 不含税总金额（人民币） Total Amount (V AT excluded) 交提货时间、数量：年月日至年月日全部交货。 Delivery time: From to 第二条质量标准：标准代号、编号和标准名称：GB150-98. Item 2 Quality standard: standard code,serial number and standard name:GB150-98. 第三条出卖人对质量负责的条件及期限 Item 3 Conditions and time limits that Sellers shall be held responsibility for 1. 质量负责条件和期限按正常运行12个月止执行。 1. Quality responsible conditions and time limits shall not be valid until the product has been functioning properly for 12 months 2. 出卖人对标的物的质量负责，产品均附质检报告单，质量保证书。如果出卖人知道或 者应当知道所处卖产品存在质量缺陷，所承担的质量保证期限不受前款质量负责期限的约束，应依法承担相应责任。 2. Sellers shall be responsible for the quality of the marks.The products should include the Quality Inspection Report and Quality Guarantee.If the sellers know or should know the products they sell with defects in quality,the quality assurance time limits should not be subject to the previous quality responsibility deadline and they should be held due responsibility for it. 第四条包装标准：标准包装，产品所需包装由出卖人合理包装，适合水运和长途内陆运输，防潮，防湿，防锈，防震。 Item 4 Packaging standard: Standard packaging, the sellers should package the products properly, it should be suitable for shipment and long distance inland transportation. The packaging of the products should be resistant of dampness, moisture, rust and shock. 第五条随机的必备品、配件、技术资料、工具数量及供应方法：随设备交货一起交齐。 Item 5 The accompanied necessary materia l, accessories, technical information ,quantity of
国际贸易合同协议书样本中英文对照 文件编号TT-00-PPS-GGB-USP-UYY-0089
CONTRACT NO.: DATE: THE BUYERS: ADDRESS : TEL: FAX: THE SELLERS: ADDRESS: TEL: FAX: This Contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers, whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: 买方与卖方就以下条款达成协议： 1. COMMODITY: 2. COUNTRY AND MANUFACTURERS: 原产国及造商： 3. PACKING: To be packed in standard airway packing. The Sellers shall be liable for any damage of the commodity and expenses incurred on account of improper packing and for any rust attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the sellers in regard to the
YOUR LOGO 深圳对外贸易货物出口合同（中英文对照）范本正式版 After The Contract Is Signed, There Will Be Legal Reliance And Binding On All Parties. And During The Period Of Cooperation, There Are Laws To Follow And Evidence To Find 专业合同范本系列，下载即可用
深圳对外贸易货物出口合同（中英文对照）范本正式版 使用说明：当事人在信任或者不信任的状态下,使用合同文本签订完毕，就有了法律依靠,对当事人多方皆有约束力。且在履行合作期间,有法可依,有据可寻，材料内容可根据实际情况作相应修改，请在使用时认真阅读。 深圳对外贸易货物出口合同（中英文对照） 合同编号：__________ Contract No:_______________ 签订日期：__________ Date:_______________ 签订地点：__________ Signed at : _______________ 电话：_____________ Tel: _______________ 传真：_____________ Fax:_________ 电报：_____________ Cable: _____________ 电传：_____________ Telex: _____________ 电话：_____________ Tel: _______________
传真：_____________ Fax:_________ 电报：______________ Cable: _____________ 电传：______________ Telex: _____________ 经买双方确认根据下列条款订立本合同： The undersigned Sellers and Buyers hav e confirmed this contract in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated below : 1．货号 Art No. 名称及规格 Descriptions 单位 Unit 数量 Quantity 单价 Unit Price 金额 Amount 合计：_______________ Totally：____________ 总值（大写）：_______ Total value:(in words) 允许溢短___%
Purchase Agreement 采购合同 Buyer: 买方： Seller : 卖方： Agreement Signed Date: 签约日期：
Purchase Agreement 采购合同 This Deed of Agreement is made and executed on英文日期 此协议由下列双方于2017年月日签订 买方名, hereinafter called the “Buyer” 买方名，以下简称买方。 AND 卖方名(the“selle r”). 卖方名以下简称卖方。 Now both of the above mentioned parties are signing this Deed of Agreement considering the below mentioned points, terms and conditions. 双方根据下列条款、条件签订此协议： 1.供货明细Supply Description 1.1 实际的供货明细表 1.2 D uring the duration of the agreement, the unit price is fixed; if the seller raises unit price, buyer has the right to terminate the agreement. 合同有效期内，单价保持不变。若合同执行期间，卖方上调价格，买方有权终止协议。 2. Quantity 数量 The quantity mentioned above just for reference, the quantity shall be determined by the actual quantity. 订单数量是参考数量，以双方实际验收数量为准。