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英语语篇的模式研究
• 语篇的组织模式（textual pattern）可以定 义为“构成语篇的关系的组合”。 • 英语中有多种语篇模式，常见的模式是： • 问题—解决 • 一般—特殊 • 主张—反应 • 提问—回答
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问题—解决模式的宏观结构一般由情景（situation）、问题（problem）、 反应（response）、评价（evaluation)或结果（result）四部分组成。
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主张—反应模式也叫做主张—反 Situation 主张模式（claim— response/counterclaim pattern)。 I have in my possession a copy of a press release from 其宏观结构包括“情景”，“主 , “反应”三部分。 Sir Aaron Klug, the president of the张” Royal Society dated Claim
Situation (optional)
Most people like to take a camera with them Aspect of situation requiring a response (i.e. Problem) when they travel abroad. But all airports nowadays have X-ray security screening and X rays can damage film. One solution to this problem is Response to purchase a specially designed lead-lined pouch. These are cheap and can protect film from Positive Result/ evaluation Positiveall Evaluation but the strongest X rays. Positive result
问题—解决模式是英语中极为常见的语篇模式，经常用于 说明文、广告、科技文章、实验报告、新闻报道以及故事、 小说等文学作品中。 positive
Evaluation (optional)
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combined in a single statement
Basis (optional)
一般—特殊模式又可称作概括—具体模式，其宏观结构由三个成分组成： 概括陈述、具体陈述和总结陈述。其表现形式有两种：先概括再举例； 先整体后细节。 Knowledge often results only after persistent investigation. Albert Einstein, after a lengthy examinationGeneral of the characteristics General statement statement of matter and energy, formulated his famous Theory of Relativity, which now acts as a basis for further research in nuclear physics. Using plaster casts of footprints, fingerprints, and stray stands of hair, Specific statement Specific statement 1 a detective pertinaciously pursues the criminal. After years of work, Annie Jump Cannon perfected the classification of the spectra 0f some 350,000 stars. Investigations into the causes of polio Specific statement 2 the means for prevention Even more have provided us with and specific cure of this dreaded disease only after many years of research. As students, we too are determined in our investigation to find, retain, and Even more specific contribute to the store Specific statement 3of human knowledge. 这一模式在宣传材料、自然科学、社会科学的论说文 General statement 中，在文学作品、百科全书中很常见。 General statement
英语文体学基础
语篇结构与功能
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什么是语篇呢？
• “它可以是一个词……它可以是一个词组或短语……它可 以是一个小句……它可以是一幅对联、一首小诗、一篇散 文、一则日记、一部小说（三部曲或其中的章节）……； 它也可以是一句口号、一支歌曲、一次对话、一场口角、 一次长达两三个小时的讲演……” • Roughly speaking, it refers to attempts to study the organization of language above the sentence or above the clause, and therefore to study larger linguistic units, such as conversational exchanges or written texts. • Linguistic communication always appears in textual form.