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肠道菌群与2型糖尿病关系的研究进展_薛静静

[21 ]
。胆汁酸作为信号传导分子和细胞受体配体
在葡萄糖的代谢中发挥重要作用 。胆汁酸能激活法 同 呢醇 X 受体( FXR) 和 G 蛋白偶联受体( GPCR1 ) , 时通过 FXR 抑制糖异生基因的表达。 敲除 ob / ob 小鼠 FXR 受体, 能够提高小鼠的血糖、 糖耐量及脂
[22 ] 肪组 织 对 胰 岛 素 的 敏 感 性 。 垂 直 套 筒 胃 切 除 ( VSG) 是治疗糖尿病合并肥胖的有效手段, FXR 通
[16 ] 黏膜通透性的增加可以使内毒素增加 。 有研究 对 23 位男性补充 6 个益生菌菌株, 结果显示益生菌 [8 ] 有增强肠道黏膜完整性的作用 。 对志愿者补充 益生元, 结果显示其肠道微生物发生了变化且肠道
够提高肠道黏膜紧密连接蛋白的数量, 从而改善其 屏障功能。因此, 肠道菌群通过 ECB 系统和 LPS 在 调节肠道通透性方面发挥重要作用。 ECB 系统对 CB2 受体激活能够改善小鼠的 血糖调节也有影响, 糖耐量, 而 CB1 受体阻滞剂和 CB2 受体激动剂作用 相似, 提示 ECB 通过 CB1 和 CB2 受体的相互作用
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