辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸 1 废旧镍氢电池中镍的回收与利用 黄家龙 （辽宁石油化工大学，环境与生物工程学院，环境工程0502，抚顺，113001） 摘 要

自从工业化以来金属镍氢电池在通讯服务方面作为一种强大的资源。随着一些禁止的重金属（例如汞、铅、镉）增加，金属镍氢电池取代了大部分市场的铬-镍电池。废金属镍氢电池含有33~42%的镍、10%的钴和10％稀土元素，这些元素对于需要镍的市场是一个宝贵的来源。 本文的重点是从废金属氢化物镍电池（SMHB）中回收镍和钴。论文中用到的电池所有都是产家给AB5型镍氢电池。其具体的实验方法是把正极和负极的电极材料破碎成直径为1µm的颗粒，然后对正极进行实验，通过正交试验确定酸的种类、酸的浓度、反应温度、反应时间、固液比那个因素对溶解最有利，从而确定出最佳反应条件。之后在酸性条件下用无水硫酸钠沉淀稀土元素使其与镍钴分离。然后对其过滤，在把滤液定溶于一定体积的容量瓶，通过丁二酮肟分光光度法测定镍含量；直接吸人火焰原子吸收法测定钴含量。而沉淀的硫酸稀土复盐用二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)滴定。最后考虑镍钴的回收，由于镍钴沉淀所需的pH不同，我们可以根据这个条件进行镍钴的回收。镍和钴的价态都是在二价的时候较为稳定，本文是采用碱沉淀和氧化沉淀来回收镍钴，其沉淀物都是氢氧化物。 通过实验研究分别对影响电池正镍在溶液中的浸出率的影响因素辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸 2 进行了析，对废旧氢-镍电池电极材料中镍元素在溶液中的浸出条件进行了优化研究，并对废旧氢-镍电池电极材料中稀土元素、钴及镍的回收提纯进行了分析研究，所得研究结果如下： 本论文研究所用氢-镍电池中镍、钴元素在电池正极中所占百分比分别约为56%与60%，负极中镍、钴及稀土元素分别占38.5%、7.11%与26%以上。废旧氢-镍电池混合电极材料在不同酸系中的镍元素浸出率高于电极分开处理时的浸出率，这与电池正、负极组成物质有关，对稀土去除后的电极浸出液中滞留的钴元素分别采取了碱沉析出和氧化沉淀两种分离方法。通过对比分析发现，采用碱沉分离时，所得产品为Co(Ⅱ)与Co(Ⅲ)氢氧化物的混合物，而用次氯酸钠为氧化剂在控制溶液pH＝3.6 时，可有效地氧化沉淀了废旧氢-镍电池电极材料中的钴元素。 关键字：废旧镍氢电池，回收，镍，沉淀 辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸

3 Nickle-metal Hydride Batteries Used in the Recovery and Rse of Nickel Huang Jialong (Liaoning Shihua University,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Environmental Engineering 0502, Liaoning Fushun, 113001) Abstract Metal hydride-nickel batteries (MHNB) were used as the power source of portable communication services since their industrialization. As the prohibition of heavy metals (such as mercury, lead and cadmium) increased, MHNB can take place of the main market of cadmium-nickel batteries. Spent metal-hydride-nickel batteries contain33~42%nickel and10% cobalt and 10% rare earth elements, these elements is a valuable source for the demanding market of nickel. The focus of this article is the recovery of nickel and rare earth from spent nickel metal hydride battery (SMHB). All the batteries used in the paper are that manufacturers offer the AB5-type nickel-hydrogen batteries. Their specific experimental method is the positive electrode and negative electrode material broken into particles of a diameter of 1μm, And then to conduct experiments on the cathode ,Through the parallel test decides the type of acid, acid concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, solid-liquid ratio on the dissolution of the most beneficial in order to determine the optimal reaction conditions. In acidic conditions, 辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸 4 using anhydrous sodium sulfate deposits rare earth elements in order to let nickel and cobalt separate. Then filtering, Determined in the filtrate dissolved in a certain volume of volumetric flask, determination of nickel content by the spectrophotometric of dimethylglyoxime; determination of cobalt content by direct aspiration flame atomic absorption. And precipitation of sulfate salts of rare earth complex is titrated with DTPA (DTPA). Finally, considering the recovery of nickel and cobalt, as nickel and cobalt precipitation require different pH, we can be in accordance with the terms of the recovery of nickel and cobalt. The valence state of nickel and cobalt are the more stable when their valence state are +2, the paper is the use of alkali and oxidation of sediments to recover nickel and cobalt precipitation, and its sediments are hydroxides. Respectively through the experimental study of the impact of the battery positive and negative electrode materials and mixed materials are negative in the solution of nickel in the leaching rate of factor analysis of used hydrogen - nickel battery electrode materials in nickel in the leaching solution conditions Research on the optimization of the used hydrogen - nickel battery electrode material of rare earth elements, cobalt and nickel recovery for the analysis of purified, obtained results are as follows: In this paper, the Institute used hydrogen - nickel batteries in nickel, cobalt cathode elements in the percentage of cells were about 56% and 60%, negative in the nickel, cobalt and rare earth elements, respectively, accounting for 38.5%, 7.11% and 26% or more. Used hydrogen - nickel battery electrode materials for mixed 辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸 5 systems in different acid leaching of nickel higher than the electrode separated from the leaching rate at which the battery positive and negative electrode material formed on the electrode after the removal of rare earth leaching solution stranded Cobalt elements were taken alkali precipitation and oxidation of two separation methods. By comparing the analysis found that the use of alkali-precipitation separation, the products derived from Co (Ⅱ) and Co (Ⅲ) hydroxide mixture, Using sodium hypochlorite as oxidant in Control solution at pH = 3.6, to be effective in oxidation of the waste hydrogen precipitation - nickel battery electrode material of the cobalt element. Keywords: Spent metal hydride batteries, Recovery, Nickel, Precipitation.