西安石油大学本科毕业论文
I 目 录
中文摘要 ·························································································································· I
英文摘要 ·························································································································· I
引 言 ····························································································································· 1
1、 “气”与中国古代身体观 ·························································································· 2
1.1 以老子、庄子为主的道家 ············································································· 2
1.1.1老子的“阴阳之气” ···················································································· 2
1.1.2庄子之“神气”···························································································· 2
1.2 儒家身体观——以孔、孟、荀为主 ····························································· 3
1.2.1 孔子论气 ································································································· 3
1.2.2 孟子的“浩然之气” ················································································· 3
1.2.3 荀子谈气 ································································································· 3
1.3 其他诸家身体观 ···························································································· 4
1.3.1 《管子》之“精气” ····················································· ························ 4
1.3.2 医家及《淮南子》之气 ······································································· 4
2、 西方哲学中的身体与身体美学的建立 ·································································· 5
2.1 西方传统哲学中的身体境遇 ·········································································· 5
2.1.1 柏拉图身体观 ························································································· 5
2.1.2 笛卡尔意识主题之哲学身体观 ····························································· 5
2.1.3 尼采对身体主体的冲创 ········································································· 5
2.2 回归身体主体的美学 ····················································································· 6
2.2.1 意识哲学之下身体的境遇 ····································································· 6
2.2.2 福柯、梅洛庞蒂对身体地位的肯定 ····················································· 6
2.2.3 登上美学舞台的身体美学 ····································································· 6
3、 中国古代身体美学观 ······························································································ 7
3.1 “以貌取人”的东汉 ························································································· 7
3.2 魏晋士人的身体美学 ····················································································· 8
3.3 以丰腴为美的盛唐身体美学观 ····································································· 9
4、从绘画中透视中西方传统身体美学观 ································································· 10
4.1 以模仿写实为主流的西方绘画艺术 ···························································· 10
4.2 以形写实、重写意的中国古代绘画 ···························································· 11
4.3 “气韵生动”独具中国特色的身体美学观 ····················································· 12
5、关于美学民族性的思考 ························································································· 13
结 论 ··························································································································· 13
注 释 ··························································································································· 15 西安石油大学本科毕业论文
II 参考文献 ······················································································································· 17
致 谢 ··························································································································· 18
西安石油大学本科毕业论文
I 论中国古代的身体美学观
——从“气”的角度谈起
摘 要：自20世纪90年代末，美国经验主义哲学家理查德·舒斯特曼在他的《实用主义美学——生活之美、艺术之悲》中提出了建立身体美学的设想以来，时至今日身体美学成为美学领域里一个重要的研究课题。在西方传统的哲学观念里，身体被分为灵魂和肉体，灵魂占据主体地位，他们高扬意识而贬低身体。而中国古人以气的本源性打破了西方传统的灵魂二分，使人成为一个完整的个体。与西方传统的“意识美学”不同的是，中国古代美学则是一种“唯身主义”的身体美学。不论是东汉察举制，还是魏晋时期的人物品藻、容止中，亦或是在古代人物画中，这一身体美学可谓体现的淋漓尽致。南朝谢赫提出了“气韵生动”，从而形成了中国独具特色的身体美学观。
关键词：中国古代；身体美学；气；气韵生动