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多智能体网络编队避障控制

2011年3月 第35卷第2期 安徽大学学报(自然科学版) lournal of AI山ui University(Natural Science Edition) March 2011 V 01.35 No.2 

Formation and obstacle avoidance 

for multi-・agent networks 

GAO Lei ,YAN Jing (1.c。11ege。f Physics and Electric Informati。n Engineering,Pingdingshan University,Pingdingsban 467ooo,chi“ ; 2.Coile 。f Eleetrica1 Engineering,Yanshan UniVersity,Qinhuangda。066004,China) 

Abstract:The problems of formation and obstacle avoidance control for multi agent 

networks were considered in this paper.The goal was to make the agents reach a des red 

formati0n while avoiding collision with obstacle.Proper potential function concerned with target.obstac1e and structure of the formation,was chosen to design a novel distributed control 

algorithm.To so1ve the problem that agents could not effectively avoid the obstacle in dynamic 

enviI_0nment.a new velocity potential was deduced, in which the agents could escape from a 

moving 0bstac1e quickly. One advantage of the algorithm was that it was easy to implement' 

because eo舶fl’fj as based Oh general rules which determined behaviors of all agents・ 

Sireu1ati0ns were provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach- 

Key words:multi.agent networks;formation;obstacle avoidance;potential tunction 

CLC number:TP273 Document code:A Article ID:1000—2162(2011)o2—0070—06 

多智能体网络编队避障控制 

高 磊 ,闫 敬 

(1.平顶山学院电气信息工程学院,河南平顶山467000;2.燕山大学电气,[程学院,河北秦皇岛066004) 

摘要:多智能体网络编队与避障控制旨在控制智能体,使它们保持一定的编队,同时躲避障碍物防止发生碰撞・通 过建立与目标、障碍物和编队结构相关的势场函数,设计一种新的控制算法.为解决智能体在动态环境中不能有效躲避 

障碍物问题,建立一种速度势场,使智能体能很快地躲避动态障碍物.该算法具有易于实现的优点,因为控制是建立在智 

能体行为的基础上.仿真表明此方法具有有效性. 关键词:多智能体网络;编队;避障;势场函数 

Recentlv.the studv 0f decentralized control of muhi.agent networks has appeared as a new challenging 

‘drea of research diferent disciplines,such as communications,control,and mechanics.These networks 

can p。tentia11y c。nsist。f a large number。f agents,such as unmanned aerial Vehicles(UAV),unmanned 

基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划基金资助项目<973项目)(2010CB731800);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 

(60934003) 作者简介:高磊(1978一),男,河南南阳人,平顶IJJ学院讲师. 引文格式:GAO Lei,YAN Ji”g.Formati。n and obstac1e avoidance for multi吨gen1 networks[J].安徽大学学报:自然科学 

版,2011,35(2):70—75.

 第2期 GAO Lei,et al:Fm ̄nation and obstacle avoidance for muhi—agent networks 71 

underwear vehicles(UUV),unmanned ground vehicles(UGV),and so oil.The advantages of muhi-agent 

networks over single agent include reduced cost,increased efficiency。and improved robustness.ete.Due to these advantages,there exist numerous potential civil and military applications in intelligent transportation 

systems,home and building automation,health monitoring,ocean exploration,military surveillance,and rescue missi0ns[ 一4。. Various civil and military applications often require agents to perform a cooperative task.such as formation and obstacle avoidance contro1.There are many approaches to solve these problems.In[5],a behavior—based approach was investigated,in which basic behaviors for multi.agent networks were assigned t0 

form a guidance algorithm.Then a controller for achieving different objectives was designed.Virtual structure. 

based approach was first introduced in[6],which was developed into force agents to behave in a rigid 

formation.In[7],model predictive control(MPC)was applied to the formation control 0f瑚u】fi.agent 

networks. MPC is a ̄edback control scheme,in which an optimization problem is solved at each sampling 

time.In[8],Khatib first proposed the potential function method.In view of the potentia1 function method is 

simple and intuitional,it has been widely used in the control of multi—agent networks.This meth0d is based on a simple and powerful principle,and agents are considered as particles.These partie1es are immersed in a potential field generated by the target and obstacle present in the workplace.The target generates an attractive potential field,and each obstacle generates a repulsive potential field.The agents in the potential filed are 

subject to the action of a force,which drives agents to the target and keeps them away from the obstaele. 

In a static environment where the obstacle is static,conventional potential funeti0n method is a simple and useful path planning approach -9]. But in dynamic environment where obstacle is moving。c0nventional potential function method is not suitable for path planning of multi—agent networks.The reason is that 0nly the relative positions between agents,target and obstacle are included in the definition 0f D0tential f_uncti0n。 Then, the potential field can not reflect the whole information of the dynamic environment. because of neglecting the target and obstacle’s velocity information. One result of this demerit is that the agents are 

possible to collide with the obstacles when the relative velocities between agents and obstac1e are large to some 

extent. 

Based on the consideration above,this paper attempts to overcome these limitations by using a developed 

potential function method.The goal is to make the agents reach a desired formation while avoiding c0llis1‘0n 

with a moving obstacle.By designing a novel velocity potential field,agents can avoid the moving 0bstac1e effectively.The velocities of the obstacle and agents are also included in the definition of the velocitv Dotentia1 

lnet;on 

1 Problem statement and preliminaries 

Consider a group of N。dynamic agents(or particles),each agent can be described by its 

agent i with 2一dimensional coordinates,the state and control vectors are denoted by ( ) 

( ) ]∈R and“ (£)∈ ,respectively.The dynamics of agent i can be described by 

三 (t)=az (t)+bui(t), 

where a=【 .Matrix 1(2)denotes 2 x 2 identity matrix. dynamics.For 

=[q ( ) , 

(1) 

A graph G 。一 is a pair that c。nsists。f a set。f vertices V={1,2,…,Ⅳ }and edges E {( , ): 

, ∈ , ≠i}(i.e.,the graph is in general directed and has no self-loops).The graph is said to be 

undirected if(i,J.)∈E ( ,i)∈E. 

The adjacency matrix ̄i t-12]A:[n{/]。f a graph is a matrix with nonzero elements satisfying the pr0perry

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