水驱气藏水淹风险描述及防控对策李江涛1 孙凌云1 项燚伟1 李润彤2 王海成1 陈芳芳11.中国石油青海油田公司2.中国石油西南油气田公司摘 要 水淹问题已成为我国气田开发过程中影响气藏上产、稳产的难题。
为此，对导致气田水淹的客观、非客观因素进行了分析，明确了水淹造成的危害，并提出了防控对策；在此基础上，以某基岩气藏的开发为例，深入剖析了造成该气藏水淹的主要原因，并总结了经验教训。
研究结果表明：①针对气藏开发须树立水淹风险管理意识，为规避水侵失控，应开展水淹风险描述，并制订避水、控水、治水的阶段性措施方案，进行全过程控水管理；②强化气藏水文地质勘察研究，在开发早期利用探井获取相关资料，寻找邻近气藏水体周边的高孔隙度、高渗透率储集体及纵横向压力亏空的储集体作为侵入水转移的场所；③开发过程中，分井区优化配产并适时调整，力求边水、底水和层间水均衡推进；④对气田开发方案编制规范进行修订，识别边水、底水水源，评价渗流通道及水体大小，评估和预测气藏水淹风险，增加气藏先期控水的专题方案，使水侵受控，以最大限度地规避水淹风险；⑤对复杂气藏的储量采用容积法和多种动态法进行计算，互为参考，并且在进行试采评价后正式提交探明储量，在开展可动用储量评估后再提交开发项目建议书，谨慎大规模投资建产。
关键词 水驱气藏 水淹风险 因素分析 规避控制 转移对策 防控意见 可动用储量DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2019.05.009Description and prevention & control technical countermeasures ofwater flooding risk in water-drive gas reservoirsLi Jiangtao1, Sun Lingyun1, Xiang Yiwei1, Li Runtong2, Wang Haicheng1 & Chen Fangfang1(1. PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang, Gansu 736202, China;2. PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China)NATUR. GAS IND. VOLUME 39, ISSUE 5, pp.79-84, 5/25/2019. (ISSN 1000-0976; In Chinese)Abstract: Water flooding has become a difficult problem which impacts the production increase and stabilization of gas reservoirs in the process of gas field development in China. In this paper, the objective and non-objective factors leading to water flooding in gas fields were analyzed, the hazards caused by water flooding were defined and the corresponding prevention & control countermeasures were put forward. Then, a case study was conducted on the development of a certain basement gas reservoir. The main causes of its water flooding were analyzed and the experience and lessons were summarized. And the following research results were obtained. First, the awareness of water-flooding risk management should be established for reservoir development; water flooding risk description should be conducted to avoid water invasion; and phased measures for the whole-process water control management should be formulated to avoid, control and harness water. Second, the hydrogeological investigation and research of gas reservoir shall be strengthened. In the early stage of devel-opment, it is necessary to collect the relevant data from exploration wells and search for the high-porosity and high-permeability reser-voirs in the periphery of the aquifer near the gas reservoir and the reservoirs with vertical and transverse pressure deficit and take them as the transfer sites of invading water. Third, in the process of development, it is necessary to optimize the production proration based on different well blocks and carry out timely adjustment to strive for balanced advancing of edge water, bottom water and interlayer water. Fourth, it is suggested to revise the compilation norm of gas field development plan, including the identification of edge and bottom water source, the evaluation of flow channel and the aquifer size, and the assessment and prediction of the water-flooding risk in gas reservoirs. It is also recommended to formulate a special plan for pre-water control of gas reservoirs so as to keep the water invasion under control and evade the water-flooded risk to the uttermost. Fifth, the reserves of complex gas reservoirs shall be calculated by using the volumetric method and various dynamic methods, and the calculation results can be taken as the mutual references. It is recommended to submit the proved reserves formally after trial production evaluation, and submit the development project proposals after the producible reserves as-sessment. And large-scale investment and productivity construction shall be treated carefully.Keywords: Water-drive gas reservoir; Water-flooded risk; Factor analysis; Evasion and control; Transfer countermeasure; Prevention & control opinion; Producible reserves基金项目：国家科技重大专项“疏松砂岩气藏长期稳产技术”（编号：2016ZX05015-004）、中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项“柴达木盆地老气区控水稳气及新气区高效开发技术研究”（编号：2016E-0106GF）。
作者简介：李江涛，1969年生，高级工程师，博士；主要从事复杂气藏高效开发方面的研究工作。
地址：（736202）甘肃省敦煌市七里镇中国石油青海油田公司。
电话：（0937）8935294。
ORCID: 0000-0002-2335-4050。
E-mail: ljtqh@0 引言近年来，我国气田的开发水害日趋严重，水淹问题已成为困扰气藏上产、稳产的顽疾[1-6]。
水驱气藏中赋存的地层水具有多种类型，如边水、底水、层间水和层内水，若气藏储层物性具较强非均质性，则气藏易受到水侵的影响。
由于水驱复杂气藏的气水关系、水体特征、水源识别等认识难度大，使得开发方案的合理制定面临较大的困难，从而造成气藏正式投入开采后活跃的地层水易侵入气藏中，使得部分气井较快产出地层水，且日产气量、油压迅速降低直至水淹停产。
为消减水驱气藏水淹风险，实现气藏避水和控水开发，深入分析导致水淹风险存在的因素、对比水淹风险因素影响的程度、制订气藏水淹风险管控和预防性开发技术对策是非常必要的[7]。
1 水淹风险描述气藏水淹如同煤矿透水，造成的危害很大，同时治理的难度也很大，且投入很高，因此，该风险应以预防为主。