专业1PAPER ONE23PART I VOCABULARY ( 20 minutes, 10 points)4Section A ( 0.5 point each)5Directions: In this section there are ten sentences, each with one word 6or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, 7C andD that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the 8corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the 9center.101. Outbreaks of teenage violence here are confined to technical 11schools students fighting mindless.12A. restrictedB. confirmedC. relevantD. dedicated132. Something clearly disturbs Thai youth and parents who need to do 14something before things get worse.15A. boostsB. disruptsC. annoysD. stuns163. They came from different backgrounds, but both resorted to the use 17of handguns to resolve their problems.18A. objected toB. took toC. amounted to19D. turned to204. Children do not learn what it is to lose and will seek violence 21to restrain their disappointment.22A. releaseB. checkC. eliminateD. restore235. Streep possesses a fragile, fleeting beauty that allows her to be 24as earthy and plain as she can be glamorous and radiant.25A. fragmentaryB. permanentC. delicateD. tender266. Faced with such a dilemma, the top executives had to weigh one 27option against another.28A. scaleB. seekC. balanceD. reject297. Despite conflicts and disagreements, the fundamental sympathies 30and similarities between the two countries will continue.31A. essentialB. intenseC. necessaryD. difficult328. The car broke down about five kilometers short of the destination, 33so they had to go on foot.34A. lacking inB. except forC. up toD. away from359. Kant revolutionized philosophy, questioned established 36authorities and placed reason and freedom at the center of his thinking.37A. foundedB. acceptedC. overthrownD. stereotyped3810. The freshmen will be introduced to some methods of coping with 39stress and depression.40A. handlingB. executingC. cooperationD. consuming4142Section B (0.5 point each)43Directions: In this section there are ten sentences. Each sentence has 44something omitted. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C 45and D that best completes each sentence. Then mark the corresponding 46letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.474811. ___________________________________________ I had expected to win 49the race, but things did not ____________________ t hat way.50A. break outB. work outC. pass outD. figure out5112. _ Anyone employing people and paying them a fair wage, in my view, 52makes a(n)53____ contribution to society.54A. immenseB. giganticC. largeD. spacious5513. __________________________________ I have time to enjoy family and 56friends, ______________________________ activities such as reading, 57writing, listening to music and playing sports.58A. chaseB. involveC. pursueD. capture5914. _______________________________ And not one of these pleasures is 60taxation under the Internal Revenue61Code.62A. committed toB. subject toC. attached to63D. indifferent to6415. _________________________________ Middle-aged ladies somehow tend 65to weight more easily even if they are66vegetarians.67A. put onB. put upC. put forwardD. put away6816. ______ As China, reform and opening-up have led to substantial 69improvement of70lives.71A. in the case ofB. in the face ofC. in the name ofD. in72the middle of7317. Niagara Falls is a great tourist _______, drawing millions of 74visitors every year.75A. attentionB. attractionC. appointmentD.76arrangement7718. The manager spoke highly of such _______ as loyalty, courage and 78truthfulness shown by his employees.79A. virtuesB. featuresC. propertiesD.80characteristics8119. Some old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t _______ 82so much noise.83A. resistB. sustainC. tolerateD.84undergo8520. Since the matter was extremely _______, we dealt with it 86immediately.87A. toughB. tenseC. urgentD. instant8889PART II CLOZE TEST ( 20 minutes 10 points)90Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item 91of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage.92Mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line 93through the center.94Deaths and injuries from motor-vehicle accidents are reaching 95epidemic proportions in developing countries around the world, 96according to the World Health Organization. Traffic accidents in the 979899earning power has enabled them to buy a motorcycle or an automobile. 100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128PART III READING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 50 points)129Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages for 130you to read. Read each passage carefully, and hen do the questions that 131follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and 132D and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single 133line through the center.134Passage One135Peng Gonglin wasn't an important man. He lived in a bare concrete house 136in a small village of Deng Zhuang where women stoop beside ponds to scrub 137clothes in buckets and the men often harvest crops by hand.138When his rice fields came up empty last October, Peng had no influence 139and little cash. The 43-year-old farmer had spent almost all of his 140family's savings and borrowed more to lease the land and buy seeds.141County experts in the central province of Henan tested the seeds he'd 142planted and determined that he'd been sold inferior goods. Peng begged 143for financial or legal help from the local agricultural bureau and its 144county seed station.145He took what remained of his family's money and tried to bribe two local 146officials to intervene. They accepted the meals, massages and prostitutes, 147but they did nothing in return, according to a letter he later wrote. 148Finally, on March 29 he returned to the county seed station to plead 149once more. Men there beat Peng about the head until he went home, 150humiliated.151Facing financial ruin, he carried out one last act of protest. Early 152the next morning, Peng Gonglin's body was found hanging at the seed 153station.154The story of Peng's lonely suicide reveals the pitfalls beneath the 155glossy surface of China's booming economy. Ordinary Chinese who've been 156cheated or defrauded, especially in rural areas, find themselves trapped 157in neo-feudal conditions with no protection beyond the mercy of corrupt 158officials.159Outsiders are sometimes baffled by the emphasis Chinese leaders put on 160order and harmony, and their crushing response to any signs of unrest. 161From the turmoil in a village such as Deng Zhuang, though, it's clear that 162the nation sits uneasily on deep social fault lines.16341.People like Peng Gonglin _______.164A.live simple and humble life165B.try to bribe officials166C.have no land and have to lease from others167D.hate the officials16842. What happened to the seeds Peng Gonglin had bought?169A. They were tested inferior.170B. They were illegal.171C. They were cheated.172D. They were too expensive.17343. He bribed local officials hoping that _______.174A. they may help him get financial compensation or legal aid175B. they may accept the meals, massages and prostitutes176C. they may interfere the affair177D. they may offer plea for him17844. Which of the following statements is NOT the reason of Peng 179Gonglin’s suicide?180A. He was beaten by the men at the seed station and felt humiliated. 181B. It was his final cry for protest in the face of financial ruin. 182C. The desperation was beyond his psychological endurance.183D. He feared that his bribe may be discovered.18445. Peng's lonely suicide reveals that _______.185A. the ordinary people seize neo-feudal conditions186B. the ordinary people can get protection if the corrupt officials 187ignore them188C. there are social problems under the fast developing economy 189D. people baffle the emphasis on order and harmony190Passage Two191Computers have been taught to play not only checkers, but also 192championship chess, which is a fairly accurate yardstick for measuring 193the computer’s progress in the ability to learn from experience.194Because the game requires logical reasoning, chess would seem to be 195perfectly suited to the computer .all a programmer has to do is give the 196computer a program evaluating the consequences of every possible response 197to every possible move, and the computer will win every time. In theory 198this is a sensible approach; in practice it is impossible. Today, a 199powerful computer can analyze 40 000 moves a second. That is an impressive 200speed. But there are an astronomical number of possible moves in 201chess—literally trillions. Even if such a program were written (and in 202theory it could be, given enough people and enough time), there is no 203computer capable of holding that much data.204Therefore, if the computer is to compete at championship levels, it must 205be programmed to function with less than complete data. It must be able 206to learn from experience, to modify its own program, to deal with a 207relatively unstructured situation—in a word, to “think” for itself. 208In fact, this can be done. Chess-playing computers have yet to defeat world 209champion chess players, but several have beaten human players of only 210slightly lower ranks. The computers have had programs to carry them 211through the early, mechanical stages of their chess games. But they have 212gone on from there to reason and learn, and sometimes to win the game. 213There are other proofs that computers can be programmed to learn, but 214this example is sufficient to demonstrate the point. Granted, winning a 215game of chess is not an earthshaking event even when a computer does it . 216But there are many serious human problems which ban be fruitfully 217approached as games. The Defense Department uses computers to play war 218games and work out strategies for dealing with international tensions. 219Other problems—international and interpersonal relations , ecology and 220economics , and the ever-increasing threat of world famine—can perhaps 221be solved by the joint efforts of human beings and truly intelligent 222computers .22322446. The purpose of creating chess-playing computers is _______.225A. to win the world chess champion226B. to pave the way for further intelligent computers227C. to work out strategies for international wars228D. to find an accurate yardstick for measuring computer progress 22947. Today, a chess-playing computer can be programmed to _______. 230A. give trillions of responses in a second to each possible move and 231win the game232B. function with complete data and beat the best players233C.learn from chess-playing in the early stage and go on to win the game 234D. evaluate every possible move but may fail to give the right response 235each time23648. For a computer to “think”, it is necessary to _______.237A. mange to process as much data as possible in a second238B. program it so that it can learn from its experiences239C. prepare it for chess-playing first240D. enable it to deal with unstructured situations24149. The author’s attitude towards the Defense Department is_ ___. 242A. criticalB. unconcernedC. positiveD. negative24350. In the author’s opinion, ___ _ .244A. winning a chess game is an unimportant event245B. serious human problems shouldn’t be regarded as playing a game 246C. ecological problems are more urgent to be solved247D. there is hope for more intelligent computers248249Passage Three250You have to have lived in the 1950s and 1960s to have experienced a good 251economy. In the period between 1950 and 1970 it was the rule—rather than 252the exception—that an ordinary family, without higher education, could 253sustain itself decently on the income of a single breadwinner. In 1955, 254when I was 19 and living in Brooklyn, N. Y., my father, who had a 255sixth-grade education, maintained our family of five on a wage of $82 a 256week as a bookbinder. My mother taught us fairness and compassion; my 257father, discipline and enterprise.258The U. S. economy in those years was good. Then where did this good 259economy go? It was inflated away. The price of gold, which I take as proxy 260for the prices of all goods, was $35 an ounce in those years. It is at 261roughly ten times that price today.262There is another answer, though: inflation caused the entire work force 263to be moved into higher tax groups, thus reducing after-tax purchasing 264power. That is, my father’s bindery job in1954 paid $82 a week, with $80 265after deductions; today, at $ 820 per week the net would be $662.266To ordinary people, the economy doesn’t look very good at all. 267After-tax incomes continue to decrease in purchasing power. The jobs 268offered in the employment ads pay only a little more than the minimum wage, 269maybe $5 an hour, which, after payroll deductions, yields $4 an hour. 270Compare that with minimum-wage jobs of the early 1950s, when 75 cents was 271worth today’s $7.50 before and after taxes.27227351. In the author’s opinion, a good economy, to ordinary people can 274be expressed in terms of ____ __.275A.the amount of wage276B.after-tax income277C.the ac tual purchasing power278D.the minimum wage per hour27952. In the period between 1950 and 1970, _______.280A.there was not much difference in the living standards 281between people of higher and lower education282B.an o rdinary family of five without exception could live on 283one person income284C.the income of an ordinary family was more than enough for 285buying food286D.for an average family the income was sufficient to support 287all the members28853. Today a bookbinder’s wage is ten times that of the 1950’s but 289its income tax rate has increased ______.290A.50 timesB.60timesC. 70 timesD. 80 times29154. The worsening of a bookbinder’s livelihood results from __ __. 292A.his low education and the amount of wage293B.the high-taxation and the income deductions294C.the high taxation and cost of living295D.the low wage and higher prices29655. The passage implies that while the cost of living is getting 297higher___ ___.298A.the value of labor actually is shrinking299B.the minimum wage level is increasing likewise300C.the income tax rate is rising along301D.the employment ads naturally offer a higher minimum wage 302303Passage Four304Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international 305marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of 306the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic 307variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, 308aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with 309this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive 310knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; 311its interpretation comes only through experience.312The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment 313stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two 314schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural 315diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following 316the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact 317of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging. 318The other school proposes that companies must tailor business 319approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in 320each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical 321question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to 322the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result 323of cultural myopia or even blindness.324Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large 325companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The 326internationally successful companies all share an important quality: 327patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their 328operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. 329These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know 330your customer.33156. According to the passage, which of the following is true?332A. All international managers can learn culture.333B. Business diversity is not necessary.334C. V iews differ on how to treat culture in business world.335D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.33657. According to the author, the model of Pepsi .337A. i s in line with the theories of the school advocating the business 338is business the world around339B. is different from the model of McDonald’s340C. shows the reverse of globalization341D. has converged cultural differences34258. The two schools of thought .343A. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches 344to individual cultures345B. both advocate that different policies be set up in different 346countries347C. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world348D. Both A and B34959. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .350A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity 351B. who have connections to more than one type of culture352C. who want to travel abroad353D. w ho want to run business on International Scale35460. According to Fortune, successful international companies . 355A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas356B. al l have the quality of patience357C. will follow the overseas local cultures358D. adopt the policy of internationalization359360Passage Five361When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life 362span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of 363significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history 364of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other 365times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always 366been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another 367significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all 368times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. At 369one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who 370have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used 371their animals or the kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has 372been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a 373sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give 374it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty. 375As we consider our changing language, we should note here two 376developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is 377that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete 378reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words 379in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many 380inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend 381largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the 382older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function 383words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, 384conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show 385relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have 386survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word 387order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall 388see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and 389ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, 390our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, 391for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language 392into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there 393is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in 394terms of the ways in which people speak and write.39561. In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend 396to .397A. attempt to continue the standardization of the language398B. e valuate language practices in terms of current speech rather 399than standards or proper patterns400C. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its 401analysis or history402D. be more aware of the rules of the language usage40362.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used 404in line 4 of paragraph 2.405A. C hanges in the forms of words.406B. Changes in sentence structures.407C. Changes in spelling rules.408D. Words that have similar meanings.40963. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? 410A. I t is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the 411beginning of the modern English language.412B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language 413at some stages of its development.414C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively 415constant change.416D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of 417the English language.41864. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .419A. historianB. philosopherC. anthropologistD. l inguist 42065. Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage? 421A. The history of the English language.422B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.423C. Our changing language.424D. Some characteristics of modern English.425426427428429430431PAPER TWO432译写答题注意事项433434一、本试卷答题一律写在答题纸(ANSWER SHEET)上，草稿纸上的435答题内容一律不予记分。