1 第一单元： 植物育种学的社会贡献及其发展趋势 植物育种学是围绕人类需求利用自然变异及人工创造的变异，按照一定的目标进行选择，筛选出新品种并繁育推广的科学，是研究作物人工进化理论与方法的应用科学。植物育种学以遗传学、进化论为主要理论基础，涉及植物学、植物生态学、植物生理、生化、植物病理学、农业昆虫学、农业气象学、生物统计与试验设计、生物技术、农产品加工、作物栽培学等领域的知识与研究方法。本单元要求在回顾植物育种学基本概念、发展历史的基础上，掌握植物育种学在满足人们生活需求、促进社会发展方面所体现的作用和意义，分析当今社会发展过程中植物育种学面临的机遇与挑战，并重点讨论植物育种相关知识产权和新品种保护等方面的进展与趋势，包括以下3个论题： Topic 1 Meeting human needs through plant breeding Topic 2 Plant breeding and its social context Topic 3 Plant variety protection and intellectual rights
本单元作业：分3组，分别对应3个论题。在阅读指定文献和其他文献基础上，根据你的理解和认识对相应论题进行论述（题目可自定），要求每人准备Powerpoint文件以备在课堂交流，并按讲义格式（每页6张幻灯片）打印该文件作为作业当堂交给老师。
Topic 1 Meeting human needs through plant breeding 指定阅读参考文献： [1] Baenziger PS, Russell WK, Graef GL, and Campbell BT. Improving lives: 50 years of Crop Breeding, Genetics, and Cytology (C-1). Crop Science, 2006, 46:2230-2244. [2] Delmer DP. Agriculture in the developing world: Connecting innovations in plant research to downstream applications. PNAS, 2005,102(44):15739-15746. [3] Evenson ER. Besting Malthus: The Green Revolution. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 2005, 149(4):469-486. [4] Bernardo R, MO Bohn: Plant Breeding in Times of Change, Crop Sci. 47(S3) 2007, S2–S3.
其他相关参考文献： [1] Davies WP. An historical perspective from the green revolution to the gene revolution. Nutrition Reviews,2003, 61(6):S124-134. [2] Evenson RE, D Gollin. Assessing the impact of the green revolution, 1960 to 2000. Science, 2003, 300(5620):758-762. [3] Khush GS. TIMELINE: Green revolution: the way forward. Nature Reviews 2
Genetics, 2001, 2(10):815-822. [4] Huang JK, C Pray, S Rozelle. Enhancing the crops to feed the poor. Nature, 2002, 418(6898):678-684. [5] Morris ML, PW Heisey. Estimating the benefits of plant breeding research: methodological issues and practical challenges. Agricultural Economics, 2003, 29: 241-252.
Topic 2 Plant breeding and its social context 指定阅读参考文献： [1] Gepts P and J Hancock. The future of plant breeding. Crop Science, 2006, 46: 1630-1634. [2] Baenziger PS. Plant breeding training in the US. Hortscience, 2006,41(1):40-44. [3] Morris ML, MR Bellon. Participatory plant breeding research: Opportunities and challenges for the international crop improvement system. Euphytica, 2004, 136: 21-35. [4] The Future of Plant Breeding [5] Assessment of the National Plant Breeding and Associated Biotechnology Capacity Around the World 其他相关参考文献： [1] Snape JW. Challenges of integrating conventional breeding and biotechnology: a personal view! In "New directions for a diverse planet". Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, pp1-11. 2004, Brisbane, Australia. [2] Cleveland DA. Is plant breeding science objective truth or social construction? The case of yield stability. Agriculture and Human Values, 2001, 18: 251-270. [3] Coffman WR, WH Lesser, and SR McCouch. Commercialization and the Scientific Research Process: The Example of Plant Breeding. An article at the Conference of "Science and the University", 2003. Cornell University, US. [4] Wollenweber B, JR Porter and T Lubberstedt. Need for multidisciplinary research towards a second green revolution. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2005, 8:337-341.
Topic 3 Plant variety protection and intellectual rights 指定阅读参考文献： [1] Richerzhagen C and D Virchow. Sustainable Utilization of Crop Genetic Diversity through Property Rights Mechanisms? The Case of Coffee Genetic Resources in Ethiopia. The Economics of Incentive Mechanisms for Biodiversity 3
Conservation:Property Rights.BioEcon Workshop. 2002. [2] Sullivan SN. Plant genetic resources and the law. past, present, and future. Plant Physiology. 2004,135(1):10-15. [3] Blakeney M. Genes and Plant Breeding in an IPR-led World. In "New directions for a diverse planet". Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, pp1-12. 2004, Brisbane, Australia. [4] Plant breeding in the US private sector 其他相关参考文献： [1] Srinivasan CS. Concentration in ownership of plant variety rights: some implications for developing countries. Food Policy, 2003, 28:519-546. [2] 相关法规：①中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例 及实施细则（农业部分）.1999. ②中华人民共和国种子法 ③农业转基因生物安全管理条例.