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萃取方法汇总

油脂萃取方法汇总
1传统有机溶剂萃取
1.1常用的萃取油脂的有机溶剂
(1) 正己烷
(2) 氯仿
(3) 乙醇
(4) 乙醚
(5) 石油醚
(6) 六号溶剂油
(7) 二氯甲烷
(8) Folch溶剂 氯仿:甲醇=2:1(v:v)
(9) B&D溶剂 氯仿:甲醇=1:2(v:v)
(10) Cequier-Sánchez溶剂:二氯甲烷:甲醇=2:1
(11) 正己烷:异丙醇=3:2

1.2萃取的方法
1.2.1 索氏提取器提取
1.2.2 Folch法的步骤
(1) 将干燥粉溶于Folch溶液中,藻粉质量和溶液比例为: 1:20(g:ml).
(2) 对上述混合液进行涡流旋转10-30 分钟。
(3) 以转速为6000转/分的速度离心,收集上清液,然后用与萃取液等体积的洗涤液(氯
仿:甲醇=1:1,v:v)洗涤三次,收集上清液,汇总。
(4) 离心过滤除去不溶性杂质。
(5)用20ml的去离子水洗涤过滤液,收集下层的有机相。
(6) 蒸发溶剂。

1.2.3 Folch法的改进方法
(1)超声辅助萃取:在萃取之前将萃取的对象用超声进行处理适当的时间以破壁并并粉碎
细胞组织。其他步骤一致。
(2)添加缓冲液:萃取液改为氯仿:甲醇:磷酸缓冲液=2:1:0.8(v:v:v),洗涤液改为氯仿:
甲醇:磷酸缓冲液=1:1:0.8
注:B&D法和Cequier-Sánchez法是操作方法与Folch一致。

2超临界CO2萃取
介绍略
3 Origin Oil公司专利技术

图1
原理图如图1所示,微藻培养成熟之后将其引入特质的管道,在管道中鼓入二氧化碳以调节
pH,然后用电磁脉冲对微藻培养液进行处理,可以使细胞裂解,油脂从细胞中释放出来,
然后在萃取罐中停留一段时间,从微藻细胞中释放出来的油脂利用水的浮力漂浮到水面上,
可用简单方法进行收集,萃取的残液将会用作下一次微藻培养的营养液。

参考文献:Extraction of oil from microalgae for biodiesel production: A review

4 蒸汽破壁法
原理如图2所示,微藻液中含水10-40倍于干燥粉,然后加弱碱调节pH至7.5-12,然
后进行通入饱和蒸汽,维持温度在110-140℃,反应时间为3到30分钟,然后进行减压冷
却并进行固液分离。固液分离之后将pH调到5-7进行破乳,然后可以直接收集上层的油脂,
然后继续调低下层溶液的pH至一定值使蛋白质实现等电点沉淀,以收集蛋白质。该方法较
为简单,能耗较低,而且实现了油脂和蛋白质的提取。
参考文献:一种同时从微藻提取油脂和蛋白质的方法 (专利)
5 蒸汽爆破破壁法(没有提油)
将湿藻置于气爆罐中,通入饱和蒸汽,使温度达到80-100℃,维持1-8Min,然后停止通入饱
和蒸汽,而向罐中通入高压空气,使气压达到0.8至1.5MPa,然后瞬间减压,破壁率达到100%。
参考文献:海藻细胞壁的气爆破壁方法(专利)

6 二甲醚萃取
图3
装置如图3所示,第一个柱子中装有液化的二甲醚,在萃取柱中的下层是含有一定水分的微
藻,上层是玻璃珠,第三个柱子是存储柱。
方法简述:
1. 氮气将液化的二甲醚压入萃取柱中

2. 液化二甲醚在柱中萃取油脂和微藻中的物质。
3. 一定量的萃取液进入到存储柱,关闭减压柱与萃取柱的阀门,然后打开右端的减压阀,
使二甲醚汽化,而使萃取物留在了存储柱中。
参考文献:Simple extraction method of green crude from natural

blue-green microalgae by dimethyl ether

方法原文:
The natural blue-green microalgae, mainly Microcystis, were collected at
Hirosawa mere in Kyoto city and were then sampled after making
agglutinate by using an agglomerating agent (Aluminium Sulfate 14-18
water; Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The agglutinate was
filtered by a screen with mesh of 25 μm to remove foreign substances.
The water content was 91.0%. The extraction apparatus is shown in Fig.
2 and was described in detail in the author’s previous study [19]. In
briefly, a vessel for storing liquefied DME (volume: 100 cm3; TVS-1-100,
Taiatsu Techno Corp., Saitama, Japan), a vessel as extraction column
(diameter, 11.6 mm; length, 190 mm; HPG-10-5, Taiatsu Techno Corp.)
and a storage vessel for the mixture of DME, water and extracted green
crude (HPG-96-3, Taiatsu Techno Corp.) were connected in series. The
pre-centrifuged blue-green microalgae were loaded into the lower half
of the extraction column and upper half was loaded with glass beads
(diameter is between 0.71 and 0.99 mm; BZ-08, Asone Co., Inc., Osaka,
Japan). Nitrogen gas (0.6 MPa) was supplied to flow through the
extraction system. DME flow rate was 10 cm3 min−1, and the
temperature was 20 °C. The amount of green crude remained in the
microalgae residue after the DME extraction was determined using a
widely-used gravimetric analysis [15], [21] and [22], based on the Bligh
and Dyer’s method [16]. In this analysis, 1 g of the microalgae residue
was mixed with 1 cm3 of chloroform and 1 cm3 of methanol. The green
crude was extracted by the chloroform–methanol mixture.
4.

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