分词的用法
过去分词
过去分词只有一个形式， 及物动词的过去分词有完成和被动的意义；
不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义，而没有被动的意义。 eg.
•The visitors looked surprised. •Are you married or single? •She had her hair dressed yesterday. •You may have your work done if you are too busy.
分词的用法
2. 作状语
表示时间、伴随、方式、原因等。eg.
•Living in the next door, I know him very well.
•Not knowing what to do, he turned to his father.
•The man got on a taxi, taking a suitcase in his hand.
现在分词
1. 现在分词一般式主动语态：表示分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行。
eg.
•Crusoe hurried home, looking behind as he went.
•Laughing and talking, they went out of the hall.
•Did you notice his hand shaking?
分词的用法
eg. 3. 现在分词一般式被动语态：表示一个被动动作正在进行。
•The large building being built down the street will be a hospital. •The car being repaired belongs to Mr. Smith.
•The story sounds very exciting.
•The little boy seemed frightened.
•He was so excited at the good news that he could hardly fall asleep..
•That they had won the game was surprising.
•What the father had said was really encouraging.
•People of the whole country were encouraged when they heard the news that their army had defeated the enemy.
2. 现在分词完成式主动语态：表示分词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经
完成。eg.
•Having finished his breakfast, he took his fishing things and went into his boat. •Not having done it right, I tried again.
being written
having been written written
going having gone
gone
说 1. 及物动词过去分词有被动及完成的意义，不及物动
词的过去分词没有被动的意义。
2. 分词的否定形式由 not + 分词构成。
明 3. 分词在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。
分词的用法
4. 现在分词完成式被动语态：表示分词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经
完成。eg.
•Having been shown the labs, we were taken to see the library. •Having been questioned, the murderer was thrown into prison.
•Ask the children to keep away from the running machine. •The man giving a talk is a professor from the USA. •Miss Green is a teacher loved by all the students. •The boy crying there lost his way home. •The boiling water is giving out steam. •The people injured in the accident last week are still in hospital..
•Having been set free, the doctor discovered the terrible wrongs that the nobles had done to the poor.
•Surrounded by a lot of newsmen, the mayor of the city felt he had to say something.
•Deeply moved by the story, their eyes were full of tears.
•Helped by her friend, she worked out the problem in the end..
分词的用法
3. 作表语
ole family felt excited about Grandpa’s arrival.
分词的用法
非谓语动词——分词
分词的用法
分词的特征
•分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特征
•分词可以带状语， 及物动词的分词可 以带宾语
分词的用法
两类动词、两种分词形式的对比
语态
及物动词write
形式
主动语态
被动语态
Vi. go
主动语态
现在 一般式 分词
完成式
过去分词
writing
having written
•Heated, water will change into steam.
•Encouraged by his teacher’s words, Robby tried again and succeeded in the end.
分词的用法
分词和分词短语的用法
1. 作定语 单纯分词作定语前置，分词短语作定语后置。eg.