Given
④表让步，相当于一个 though/although引导的让步状语从句
•
Exhausted _________(exhaust) by the running,
they went on running after the robber.
⑤表方式或伴随情况。 • _______(support) by his son, the old man stood up.
②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
•
_______(move) by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each_____(encourage) by the
speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
动词
在句中可以作定 ___语 a warn chair 表语 ______语be broken 状语 He is hidden behind the door, frightened _______ ________ his essay written/have hair cut 补语 He got • 可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、 方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时 过去分词前可加连词when或while做强调
•
asked (When he was)________(ask) why he was late, he kept silence.
walking • (While he was)_______(walk) through the forest, he got lost.
过去分词 done
done指分词与主句主语是被动关系 Seen ______from the hill, the city is charming. doing指分词与主句主语是主动关系
seeing ______ from the hill, you can get a good view.
分词最经常用做状语 过去分词一方面具有 ____的性质，另一 形容词和副词 方面也相当于_______
• 3.只用done形式情况: be lost in/be faced with/be seated/ be devoted to… Faced • ___________with danger, he kept calm.( face)
• 4.只用doing形式的情况: tasting../dating from/ consisting of/…. • Tasting _________good, the food sells well. • The custom________from 2000 years ago dating is out of date. • 5 如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一 致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。 permitting • Weather ___________, I’ll go hiking. taken • Everything_________(take) into consideration, the plan is perfect.
分词是从句的简化
• While you’re crossing the road, you can’t be too careful. Crossing the road, you can’t be too careful. • When he was asked why he was late, he kept silent. Asked why he was late, he kept calm. • Because he was ill, he didn’t come today. Being ill, he didn’t come today.
注意事项
• 1.Doing指主动或进行/Done指被动或完成
• 2.做状语时done=having been done, 做定语时 只用done Written • _____________ in a hurry, this article was not so good! written • I like reading books_________( write) by Lunxun.
• Though he has been told many times, he still can’t remember my number. Having been told many times, he still can’t … • If I was given one more hour, I would have done it better. Given one more hour, I would have done it better.
• ________(seat) at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
Seated supported
6.表结果:done表状态， doing表自然而然的结果 only to do表意料不到的结果
Exhausted • 1. He got home, _______. • 2.His father died,________him amounts of leaving (leave)heritage. • 3.He won the first,________him famous.(make making • 4.He hurried to the station, • only_________(tell) the train had been away to be told for 5 minutes.
• 6.分词的否定是在前面直接加not.
Not satisfied satisfy), he kept in silence. • _______(not • Not having finished finish) his homework, he ____________( not was not allowed to go out. • 7.分词相当于一个从句,主句前不能再加任何连 词. • 改错: Warned many times, but he came late again. • It being Sunday, so we stay at home.
③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分 词前可用if等词。
• ________(give) another chance, he will do better. • heated • If ______(heat), water can be turned into steam.
•
begun Once_________(begin), the plan can’t be stopped.