初中英语语法连词教学目标：掌握连词的用法，在写作中能够灵活运用。

教学重点：1、并列连词的用法2、从属连词的用法3、相似连词的辨析教学难点：连词之间的意义及辨析（一）连词概述连词是连接单词、短语或句子的一种虚词。

在句中不单独作句子成分。

历年中考中常考并列连词and, but ,neither… nor；从属连词now that, though, when。

所以了解状语从句和宾语从句的真正意义有助于正确使用从属连词。

（二）基础知识梳理1．并列连词用来连接彼此并列的词、短语或句子。

并列连词有and，or，but，so，for，nor 等。

2. 关联连词有both…and, either… or, neither…nor, not only…but also, as well as as much as等。

3. 连接性副词有however，therefore ，besides，yet，anyway，still ，all the same 等。

4. 并列连词和连接性副词存在以下的区别：1）连接两个独立的分句时，并列连词的位置只能放在它所引导的分句的句首，前面通常有逗号。

如：I must work hard, for I still have a long way to go.They all went, but I didn't go.2）连接性副词的位置比较灵活，句中、句首、句末都可以。

但是放在句首较为普遍。

如：Mother was ill, therefore, she stayed at home yesterday.= Mother was ill, she therefore, stayed at home yesterday.= Mother was ill, she stayed at home yesterday, therefore.3）两个并列连词不可以连用。

如：He tried hard. and but he failed to get the job.此句中的but 应改为yet。

因为and 和but 都是连词。

5. 从属连词是用来引导从句，如宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等。

从属连词有that，if, unless, whether, who, whose, what, which, where, than, when, while, as, since, though, although, because, before, after, until, as soon as, now that, so...that, so that, as... as,（ not） as/so…as 女口：If it snows tomorrow，we won't go on a picnic.（If 引导条件状语从句）Could you tell me whose PC it is?（whose 引导宾语从句）The man who is talking to my class teacher is my fathe（r. who 引导定语从句）连词的功能用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。

连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。

连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。

5. 并列连词 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。

常见的并列连词有：(1) 表并列关系的 (2) 表选择关系的 (3) 表转折关系的 (4) 表因果关系的 6. 从属连词and, both … and, not only … but also, neither … nor等。

or, either …or 等。

but, while 等。

for, so 等。

从属连词用来引导从句。

常见的从属连词有：(1) 引导时间状语从句的 after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as 等。

(2)引导条 件状语从句的 if, unless 等。

because, as, since 等。

so that, in order that 等。

though, although, even if等。

that, so …that, such …that 等。

than, as …as 等。

so (8)引导名词从句的 that, if , whether 等。

常用连词的用法辨析 (1) while, when, as 这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，7. 但用法有所不同。

1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。

While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景” 的时间状语从句。

例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是 while 。

例如： While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是 as 。

例如：As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them. 4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as 。

例如： Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.She looked behind from time to time as she went5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when 。

例如： When he finished his work, he took a short rest.6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用 when 。

例如：When John arrived I was cooking lunch.(2) as, because, since , for 这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。

1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because 。

因此，because 引导的从句往往放在 句末。

例如：I stayed at home because it rained.---Why aren 't you going?---Because I don 't want to.2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as 或since 。

Since 比as 稍微正式一点。

As 和 since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。

例如：As he wasn 't ready, we left without him.Since I have no money, I can ' t buy any food. 3) for 用来补充说明一种理由，因此， for 引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。

For 引导的句子 不放在句子的开头。

例如：(3)引导原因状语从句的 (4)引导目的状语从句的 (5)引导让步状语从句的 (6)引导结果状语从句的 (7)引导比较状语从句的I decided to stop and have lunch --- for I was feeling quite hungry.(3) if, whether if 和 whether 都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。

例如：I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.I don ' t know whether (if) he likes that film. 在下列情况下，只能用 whether, 不能用 if ：1) 引导主语从句时。

例如： Whether he will come to the party is unknown.2) 引导表语从句时。

例如：The question is whether I can pass the exam.3) 在不定式前。

例如：I haven ' t made up my mind whether to go there or not.(4) so …that, such...that1) so …that 中的so 是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that 中的such 是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。

例如：I 'm so tired that I can 't walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在名词之前有 many, much, little, few 时，用so,不用such 。

例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.(5) either …or …,neither …nor, not only …but also … 这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。

当它们连接两个并列主语时， 谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。

例如：Either you or he is wrong. Neither he nor his children like fish.Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.( 6) although, but 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。

例如：我们不能说“ Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others. ”这个句子应改为： Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.( 7) because, so 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。

例如：我们不能说“ Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. ” 这个句子应改为 Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor. 或 John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 【现场练兵】I. 选择填空 ()1. LiMeng passed his mother his cup _____________________________________ _ asked for some more tea. A. but B. or C. andD. if ( )2. Study harder, _ ____ you will fall behind others.A. andB. orC. butD. s o( )3. The doctors are very tired, ________ they are still working very hard.A. butB. ifC. onlyD. when( )4. _______ you come back, please let me know.A. LaterB. UntilC. AsD. As soon as( )5. He told us _________ he was over eighty years old.A. whereB. thenC. ifD. that( )6. Don ' t go home _________ you have cleaned the colaosms.rA. byB. thenC. onlyD. until( )7. _________ Sunday ____ Monday is OK. I ' ll be free during those two days.A. Neither …noB. Either …OC . Both …and D. Either …and( )8. We haven 't seen him _________ helalsetftyear.A. sinceB. whenC. asD. if( )9. It 's raining now, ___________ you must take the raincoat with you.A. forB. soC. orD. because( )10. ______ y ou work harder, you A. If B. Before C. Already ( )11. _______ I was ill yesterday, I didn A. For B. As C. Because ( )12.The old man was ______ pleasedhe could not say a word.A. either … orB. neither … norC. not only … but alsDo. so … that( )13.Which is bigger, the sun _______ the earth?A. butB. orC. andD. nor( )14. Could you tell us ______ you grow apples in your country?A. thatB. whetherC. whichD. what( )15.He knew nothing about the accident ______ his friend told him.A. ifB. sinceC. untilD. because( )16.Please answer the question in a loud voice ______ all the class can hear you.A. so thatB. so … thatC. thoughD. because( )17.In the old days the poor children couldn 'gto to school. They could_____ read ___ write when they grew up.A. both … andB. either … orC. not only … but alsoD. neither … nor( )18. ____ Australia is very large, the population is quite small.A. ButB. OrC. IfD. Though( )e here early tomorrow, ______ you 'll see her.A. orB. andC. butD. because( )20.Neither she _________ I am a teacher. We are both students.A. orB. andC. norD. but( )21.He kept quiet _____ she began to speak.A. whenB. ifC. whetherD. or( )22. ______ I am washing, she is cooking.A. WhileB. AfterC. BeforeD. As soon as( )23.She had to do everything ______ h e r husband died.A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. while( )24.She had studied Russian for three years _______ she began to learn English.ll do beotuterrsiunbyjects.D. Whether 't come to school. D. SinceA. beforeB. ifC. after ( )25.She has had another baby _________ we met.A. whenB. afterC. before ( )26.I knew nothing about it __________ he told me.A. ifB. afterC. untilD. because( )27.I ' ll ring you up, ________ I get an answer from him.A. as soon asB. untilC. beforeD. because( )28.We couldn ' t go quickly _______ the road was too slippery (. 滑)A. becauseB. as soon asC. ifD. until( )29. _______ it is fine tomorrow, I ' ll go to the park.A. IfB. WhenC. AfterD. Before( )30.I don ' t know ________ you like sports .A. whetherB. weatherC. whenD. how( )31.Water is more important in your life ________ any other matter.A. asB. thanC. thenD. so( )32.She sat in the first row _______ she could see the blackboard clearly.A. soB. so thatC. thatD. since( )33.I ' ll go to see my sister _________ I get to New York.A. whileB. asC. as soon asD. since( )34.There were _______ many pains in my chest _____ I couldnA. so …asB. so thatC. so …thatD. such …that( )35.Ten years has passed ___ we left our hometown.A. afterB. sinceC. asD. for( )36.I 'm sorry __________ your leg has broken.A. whatB. thatC. ifD. when( )37.Could you tell me ______ the foreigner have come or not?A. what C. that C. whether D. when( )38.I wondered _____ he had been to Paris.A. that C. what C. if D. where( )39. _____ you hurry, you will be late for school.A. While C. Unless C. That D. What( )40.Could you please look after my daughter ________ I go shopping?A. whereB. whileC. thatD. thoughII. 把下列句子变为同义句41. My brother went to the cinema, so did I._________ my brother ________ I went to the cinema. 42. The boy is so young that he cant look after himself.The boy isn 't ______ _____ to look after himself.43. If you are lazy, you may not pass the exam.________ hard, ________ you may not pass the exam.44. Jacks mother asked him, “Have you packed your things? ”Jacks mother asked him __________ he _________ packed his things.45. She realized Hainan was a beautiful place after she reached there.She ________ realize Hainan was a beautiful place ________ she reached there. 川.选择所给的连词填空 when, because, but, before, if, so...that, as …as, didn't … until, and, after, or, since46. Hurry up, please! _____ you ' ll be late for school. D. becauseD. since t help crying.47. She _______ go to bed _____ her mother came back.48. Yesterday Jim ddin' t go to see the film, ______ he must go over his lessons.49. The students were talking about the sports meeting ______ the teacher camein.50. I was ____ tired ________ I couldn ' t walk any more.51. This building is _____ tall ________ that one.52. Tom was ill yesterday, ______ he still went to school as usual.53. He asked me _____ I would go there with him.54. We have studied here _______ 1994.55. The child had studied English for two years _______ he went to middle school.56. ______ the boy finished his homework, he went to bed.57. Study hard on your subjects, ______ you ' ll do well in the exam.IV .根据汉语提示，填入所缺的58. Christine, Aileen ________ 和（） I are good friends.59. Study hard, ________ 否则）you' II fall behind.60. Are you coming by bus ______ 或（者） on foot?61. We are thirsty. I would like a bottle of oran ge, _____ 然而）my friend would like some cold water.62. You' ll be late _____ （如果） you don' t get up early tomorrow.63. I was cleaning the floor ______ 当（……的时候） she knocked at the door.64. Dick climbed up into a tree _____________ 一（……就） he saw the bear.65. I knew nothing about it __________ （直到……才） my friend told me yesterday.66. I haven' t heard from Bill _________ （自从） we graduated from middle school. IV. 完成英语句子67. 这里的天气既不太冷也不太热。