介词一，介词的分类1.简单介词，是指单个的介词如：in, on, at, on, to, with等2.合成介词，是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词如：into, onto, without, inside3.短语介词，是指一个或两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合，在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短语如：instead of代替because of因为according to按照in front of在...的前面二，表示时间的介词1. at表示详尽的时间点如：at eight o’clock联想：at构成的不变短语：at first首先at least至少at present目前at noon在中午联想：in构成的不变短语：hand in上交in fact事实上in search of寻找in the end最后，终于in a minute立刻，马上in a word一句话，总而言之in surprise惊讶地in public当众in no time立刻，马上in front of在...前面in good health身体健康的do well in在...方面干的可以in common共同的be interested in对...感兴趣show great interest in对。
感兴趣in the last/past several years在过去的几年里3.表示详尽的某一天或某一天的早晨，晚上等，用on。
如：In the morning I often get up at six o’clock but________Sunday morning, I getup at seven.A traffic accident happened near our school _________ the night of May 2,nd2014.联想：on构成的不变短语：(2)by+时间点，意为“到...为止”，如果by后面跟的是将来的时间点，用大凡将来时或将来完成时，如果by后面跟一个过去的时间点，用过去完成时。
如：I will finish eating by nine o’clock.By the end of last week, we had finished learning Unit5.(3)during+时间段，与延续性动词连用，表示某期间的动作。
如：She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for London OlympicGames.(4)until+时间点，意为“道...为止”，句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词，构成句型not...until直到...才如：We stayed there until the sunset. Wedidn’tgo home until the sunset.(5)表示时间前后的before, afterbefore在...之前，after在...之后如：We must hand in our homework before class.After half past eleven we can relax ourselves.注意：before作为介词，还可以表示“面临，面对”如：What should you do before so many difficulties?如：There is a football under the desk.I looked up and saw a plane flying over my head.(2)above表示“在。
上方”，非垂直关系,其反义词为below如：The plane is flying above the clouds.(3) on 在。
之上，指两者表面接触。
其反义词也为under3.表示“前后”的介词和短语介词（1）in front of在。
前面，指在范围之外的前面，和before意义接近。
如：There are some bikes in front of the teaching building.(2)behind是in front of的反义词，意为“在。
后面”(3)in the front of表示在范围之内的前面，其反义词组是at the back of4.by, beside在。
旁边；between在两者之间, among在三者及以上之间（1）by和beside意义相近如：Do you know the man who is standing by the window?Lucy sits beside me. She is my deskmate.(2)between指两者之间，也表示三者或多者中的每两者之间；among指三个或三6.表示里外的in, inside, into, onto, out of, outside(1) in在。
之内如：My keys are in my pocket.注意：外来物“在树上” ，用in，树上结出的东西“在树上” ，用on如：There are some birds________ the tree.Autumn comes and some redapples________ the apple trees come into people’seyes.(2)inside在。
里面，到。
里面。
反义词为outside如：Listen！Someone is talking in a low voice inside the door.Don’tstay outside.(3) into到。
内。
强调空间或状态的转换。
反义词为out of如：Why not go into the house and have a look?He looked out of the window and saw some people coming back from work.注意: out of还有“脱离，失去”等意义。
如: He has been out of work for long.Fish can’tlive long out of water.8.表示运动方向的for, to, towards(1)for常接在leave，start等动词之后，表示运动的方向或目的地。
如：They’ll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.(2)to跟在go，come, return, move等动词之后，表示目的地，它既表示运动方向，又包含运动结果。
如：When did you return to Guangzhou after the summer holiday?(3)towards 朝，向。
只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思如：The teacher is coming towards the classroom now.9.表示行为对象的to, at大凡来说，at同某些动词连用，表示攻击目标，含有某种程度的恶意；to 则只表示方向，并无恶意。
如：I threw the ball to him and he threw it at the dog.He came________me and said hello to me.A dog came________her and she was frightened(受惊吓的）。
10.最高级结构中表示范围的of, in同类比较时，若主语和范围一致，大凡用of, of后多为数词或可数名词复数；将in, in后大凡是可数名词的单数。
某人/某物置于集体或环境中进行比较时，用3.except for表示从整体中排除，除。
之外，前后不是一类事物。
如：The care is really wonderful except for its price.The composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes.五．表示方式，手段或工具的介词1. by, in, on表交通方式by bike=on a bike,by car=in a car如：Do you usually come to school by bike?2. by, in with表示手段或工具（1）by表示用某种方式或手段。
名此前不加冠词。
如：This pair of shoes is made by hand.The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.(2)in表示使用某种语言，用墨水，颜色，颜料等。
名此前不加冠词。
如：Can you say it in English?Please write it in ink, not in pencil.(3)with后跟详尽的工具如：People here build houses with stones.七．其它介词的用法1. as作为，as for至于如：________students we should work hard.He works________ a teacher in this school.________him, I know nothing.2.thanksto同becauseof，意为“因为，由于”如：Thanks to your help, I am good at my lessons.Because of the weather, we have to put off the sports meet.八．介词的省略1.in的省略be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难（in) this/that way以这种/那种方法spend...(in) doing sth.花费。
做某事have a good time (in) doing sth.做某事很高兴waste... (in) doing浪费。
做某事do with处置，对付go on with继续。
agree with同意。
be busy with忙于keep/catch up with跟上fill...with....用。
装满。
be familiar with...熟悉。
be popular with...受。
欢迎be angry with sb.生某人的气cover...with....用。