1. He is a hard working student, ___ we all know. 2. He has won first prize, ____ we all expected. 3. ____ we hoped, he came to help us. 4. ___ was planned, the work was finished on time.
The book was written in 1946, ________the education system has witnessed great changes.
A when
C since when
B during which
as 引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型： 1．as has been said before 如上所述 2．as may be imagined 正如可以想象出 来的那样 3．as is well known 众所周知 4．as was expected 正如预料的那样 5．as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 6．as we all can see 正如我们都会看到 的那样
“as” can be used to refer to a whole sentence.
Which和as引导非限制性定从时的用法区别： 1.which引导的非限制性定从不能置于句首， 而as非限定从可放在句首，句中或句末。
2.由as构成的常见搭配如：as we all know,as is known to all,as is said ab义上一般不与主句意义 相背离。
Carol said the work would be D done by October, _____ personally(就我个人而论) I doubt(怀疑) very much. (1999) A. it B. that C. when D. which
非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系 代词和副词
Eg.As is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month. Asis often the case(情况通常如此），we have worked out the plan. As is reported in the newspaper,talks between two countries are making progress.
关系代词：which / who / whom / whose /as 关系副词：when / where
(非限制性定语从句中不用关系词that； 非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略)
Other examples
1.I am doing different types of exercises, all of _______are quite helpful to my health. which whom 2.Many people , some of ______are not overweight , are going on diets. 3.There are 54 students in my class, three of ________come from US. whom
Who is she?
who Cecilia, ______ took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important. whose Cecilia, _______
body is thin, still wants to lose some weight （减肥）.
He is such a clever boy ____ can solve all the questions. This is such an interesting book ____ interests all students. This is so difficult a question ____ no one can work out. He is so popular a person ___ we all like to talk with. I bought the same car ___ he is driving.
It’s the same in China---many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weightloss pills, which are often dangerous.
1.A.This is the place where I lived ten years ago .
B. The school,where I once studied,was built thirty years ago. 2.A.He is a man who I can ask for help.
在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量 或定位的数词或代词。
典型例题
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every A year, 80% ________ are sold abroad. (2004, 辽宁卷) A. of which C. of them B. which of D. of that
限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用 逗号隔开； 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一 般用逗号隔开。
My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor.
My cousin , whose father is a teacher , wants to be an actor.
What’s the difference between “which” and “as” when they refer to a whole sentence?
Structure: “as” can be used in front of the sentence As was expected, we won the game. We won the game, as was expected. Meaning: “as” always means: 正如…一样
who 1.The famous basketball star, _____is an American,came to China yesterday. 2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with whom _____she had a wonderful time. which 3.I bought a car yesterday,_____ cost me a lot. which 4.Xi’an, ______I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5.He will come to see me next July, when he ___ won’t be so busy. where 6.The school,_______I once studied,was built thirty years ago.
B.His father , who works in Beijing, came back yesterday 限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去 掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定 语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从 句，意义仍然完整。
1.I have a sister who works in a hospital.
More examples He missed the show,which was a great pity. He invited me to dinner, which made me happy.
非限制性定语从句中关系代词which/as可指整个主句的 意思或一部分意思。As引导的定语从句既可以位于句末， 也可以位于句首或句中。
里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。 （杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）
4.All the magazines here , which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。
（杂志只有一种）
Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.
Non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句
-----赵老师
Who is he?
who/that *The man ______ is sitting there is Brad Pitt. who/whom **The man ———— /that/—————she speaks to is Brad Pitt. to whom The man ______ she speaks is Brad Pitt.
典型例题
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, D _____, of course, made the others envy(嫉妒) him. (2004, 天 津卷)
A. who C. what B. that D. which
我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 （不只一位姐姐） 我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。 （只有一位姐姐）
有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会 改变全句的意思