第十单元旅游资料旅游资料中存在着大量的文化因素，这一点早已引起学者的关注。
由于每个国家或民族的文化发展道路不同，各国旅游景点所展示的旅游资料必然会带有各自的文化特色。
中国与西方国家是不同语种的国度，其文化差异就更大、更明显，因而旅游资料中的文化因素往往会给外国游客造成理解障碍。
张宁在“旅游资料翻译中的文化思考”（2000）一文中把旅游资料中的文化文化因素归纳为下述几个方面：（1）历史典故（historical allusions）；（2）宗教信仰（religious beliefs）；（3）园林艺术（gardening / horticulture）；（4）民族风情（cultures and customs of the ethnic minorities）；（5）风味饮食（local delicacy）。
因此，翻译人员采取适当的翻译策略，把这些文化信息从原文转移到译文，帮助外国游客来阅读理解。
th旅游翻译不仅要忠实于原文，而且要言简意赅，文情相生，渗透其中幽微。
旅游资料中的文化因素往往会给外国游客的阅读活动造成理解障碍。
文化因素的处理要遵循两个原则，即“以原语文化为基础，以译语读者为导向”。
所谓以原语文化为基准，就是要尽量保留原语文化信息，从而促进文化交流；所谓以译语读者为导向，则是指旅游资料翻译既要忠实于原文，又不拘泥于原文。
根据实际情况对原文作适当调整，采用不同的翻译方法来弥补文化差异而给外国游客造成的理解障碍。
第19课英语旅游资料汉译英汉对比赏析一、英语原文The Real LondonBy Roger Mason[1] London is bigger, dirtier and more crowded than one would imagine from the descriptions in many magazines and books. It has around 8 million inhabitants and sprawls over a huge area, mostly of suburbs where tourists seldom go. The city streets are narrow and often blocked by traffic. Most of the famous buildings are quite far apart, separated by rows of drab, ordinary buildings. We have no public space as impressive as Beijing’s Tian’anmen Square or Paris’Place de la Concorde, no ceremonial way as grand as Washington’s Pennsylvania Avenue. And in a recent BBC poll, Buckingham Palace was voted one of the ten ugliest buildings in Britain. But an awesome crowed of workers walk over London Bridge every weekday morning on their way to toil in one of the world’s major financial districts, and there is a modern commercial development at Docklands with skyscrapers to rival those in Pudong. We have the largest and finest selection of theaters in the world, recently jointed by a faithful reconstruction of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre. It is built of wood with a thatched roof and has no electricity, so performances can only take place in summer daylight, as in the Bard’s day.[2] Myths about London persist in China and other countries. As Mrs. Thatcher told everyone during her visit to Beijing, London isn’t foggy. The fog disappeared fifty years ago when homes, factories and railway engines stopped burning coal. Despite their traditional uniforms, police officers will laugh if you call them “bobbies”. We call them “the Bill” or “the Plod”and they have two-way radios, travel by car and maybe armed with guns. They are still polite to tourists and will give directions if you really are lost. If they ever existed, the warm-hearted Cockneys in the movies also went away at about the same time as the fogs. Slum houses were pulled down and their inhabitants moved to council flats (rented apartments provided by the local government) or the suburbs. Nowadays the people who live in downtown London are as varied as those of New York and Paris. We have the largest, most colourful street carnival outside South America, but also gangsters, drug abuse and racial hatred. More and more pubs (friendly neighbourhood bars that serve alcohol) are being converted into fast-food restaurants, shops and offices.[3] There is a small Chinatown at the heart of the theatre and cinema district in Soho. A pedestrian street has Chinese gateways given by the Hong Kong business community, plus traditional lion statues and a monument. Shops and restaurants supply mixtures of Chinese and western food, the more genuine ones with menus in Chinese as well as English,but most customers eat with a knife and fork. Until a few years ago Chinatown residents spoke Cantonese but nowadays you are likely to hear Mandarin as well. Travel agents advertise tours to Beijing and the Great Wall and one shop specializes in Shaolin kung fu equipment. Each year at the Spring Festival, London’s Chinese Culture Association hosts a celebration in nearby Leicester Square with Chinese music, dancing and martial arts that attracts crowds of visitors and is featured on the local TV news.[4] You have to search to find London’s true delights. Down one ordinary street you will come upon a genuine Shakespearean pub that still serves beer. You can also find, among the new offices of the financial district, the building where Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709—1784) once lived and compiled the first authoritative English dictionary. You can visit a tiny museum displaying one of the finest collections of Chinese ceramics in the world, an old bookshop that might come straight out of a Dickens novel and the house where John Keats (1795—1821) wrote his “Ode to a Nightingale”. And there are odder things, such as the unchanged Victorian lecture room where Darwin presented his theory of evolution to the world, a white marble Hindu temple in a suburb by the ring road, and the skeleton of the utilitarian political philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748—1832）sitting in his chair and dressed in his clothes, displayed to the public at his own request. If you visit London, try to see some of these things as well as the famous sights. You may need the help of a native guide! （选自《北京青年报》，2001年1月25日）注释：1. Roger Mason：罗杰·梅森，英国地质学家，曾在武汉大学任教2. sprawl：分布3. Place de la Concorde：（法国巴黎）协和广场4. Pennsylvania Avenue：（美国华盛顿）宾夕法尼亚大街5. poll：民意测验，问卷调查6. Buckingham Palace：白金汉宫7. dockland：码头区8. rival：比得上，相媲美9. selection：可供选择之物10. Globe Theatre：全球剧场11. thatched roof：用茅草铺成的屋顶12. the Bard’s day：诗人莎翁在世的时候13. persist：坚持，长盛不衰14. Mrs. Thatcher：撒切尔夫人（英国前首相）15. bobby：英国人早年对警察的称呼16. two-way radio：对讲机17. Cockney：伦敦佬，伦敦东区的人18. council flat：政府公寓（由当地政府出资兴建并出租的公寓）19. street carnival：街道狂欢节庆祝活动20. Soho：索霍21. gateway：牌楼22. Cantonese：广东话23. Mandarin：普通话24. London’s Chinese Culture Association：伦敦中国文化协会25. Leicester Square：雷斯特广场26. Dr. Samuel Johnson：塞缪尔·约翰逊博士（英国第一部权威英文词典的作者）27. John Keats：约翰·济慈（英国诗人）28. Ode to a Nightingale：《夜莺颂》29. Victorian lecture room：维多利亚演讲堂30. utilitarian：功利主义的31. Jeremy Bentham：杰里米·本瑟姆（英国功利主义政治哲学家）二、汉语译文真正的伦敦罗杰·梅森【1】与人们在阅读了书籍杂志的介绍后而想象出的伦敦相比，伦敦其实更大、更脏，也更拥挤。