汉时，宜将英语的物称主语根据上下文变 通为汉语的人称主语，或转译成汉语句子 的其他成分，如状语、谓语、宾语等。
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• It is unnecessary for you to worry about this. • 这件事你不用操心。
• His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
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★汉语中很多成分都可做主语，英语则不然。
汉语的六种主语： 1）名词性主语 2）动词性主语，如“走行，不走也行。” 3）表时间处所和条件的词语 4）介词引出动作者作主语，如“由主席召集会 议 5）别的介词短语 6）主谓结构做主语
英语主语： 1) 名词或具有名词性质的词 2）主格人称代词6
Ⅱ 英语句子主语的翻译技巧 • 针对英语句子多物称主语的现象，在英译
《商务英语翻译》
第九章 主语的翻译
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Chapter 9 Translation of Subject
Ⅰ. 英汉主语的不同
1. It is unnecessary for you to worry about this. 2. Nanjing witnessed many great historic events. 3. Laziness makes it impossible for one to succeed. 4. 这件事你不用操心。 5. 在南京城发生过许多重大的历史事件。 6. 懒惰的人不会成功。
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★英语是一种注重主语的语言（subjectprominent language）,而汉语则是注重主题的 语言(topic-prominent language)。具体地说，汉 语经常采用主题—述题（topic—comment）的 句式，主语的句法功能弱，有时还不容易识别； 英语主语的句法功能强，几乎都采用主语—谓 语（subject—predicate）的句式，主语是整个 句子最关键的成份。
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• 昨天他们表演得很成功。 • They performed very successfully yesterday. • Their performance yesterday was a success. • 中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 • Great changes have taken place in China. • China has witnessed tremendous changes.
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●众所周知，中国在1980年成功地发射了第一 颗洲际导弹。 As is known to all, 1980 saw the successful launching of China’s first intercontinental guided missile.
●我一时记不起他的名字。 原译I can't remember his name. 改译His name escapes me for the moment.
• Since…, China has enjoyed an average annual growth rate of 10.9% in its service sector.
• The reform and open-door policy, introduced in the late 1970s, has given China’s service sector an average annual growth rate of 10.9%.
• 因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
• In country after country, talk of nonsmokers’ rights is in the air.
• 在各个国家，人们纷纷谈论着不吸烟者的权利。
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Ⅲ 汉语句子主语的翻译技巧
• 无论汉语原句是典型的主题－述题结构还是 与英语类似的主－动－宾结构，假如直接把 原文的主题或主语取作译文的主语后，译文 显得生硬，句子结构不平衡，或者与上下文 在语气上不连贯，那么就要设法把原文其他 成分，也许是名词、形容词、副词或动词， 取作译文的主语。
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★中国人有“天人合一”的观点，强调人与自 然的浑然一体，因而汉语句子习惯以人作主 语或无主语。英美人则较强调客观，因而英 语句子主语常以物或抽象观念做主语。
e.g. : ●她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。
It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. (强调客观事实“他不诚实 ”) She has never thought that he is a dishonest man.（强调主观印象）
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• 懒惰的人不会成功。 • A lazy person will never succeed. (依照原
文结构) • Laziness makes it impossible for one to
succeed. （懒惰） • Laziness makes success impossible.
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• 中国自七十年代末实行改革开放政策以来，服务行业 平均oduction of the reform and open-door policy in the late 1970s, China’s service sector has grown at an average rate of 10.9% per annum.
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• 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 • a. It is impossible to judge people from their
appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. • b. We can’t judge people from their appearance, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints.