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(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
the presence or absence of an infectious microorganism; the extent of the disease; the location or site of the disease; the course of the disease; the source of the infectious agent; the etiological or causal agent; the distribution or prevalence of the disease in an insect population; the method of transmission; the basis of sequence
relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human
management role. It can be an important component of integrated
˃ 不易产生抗药性、持效、特异性高、不引发次生灾害 ˃ 成本高、迟效、不稳定、货架期短、品种不够丰富等
» 生物防治融入于综合治理策略中
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» Biological control is a method of controlling pests (including insects,
mites, weeds and plant diseases) using other living organisms. It
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Canadian Journal of Forest Research Mycopathologia Letters in applied microbiology Environmental Entomology Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Journal of pest science Canadian Journal of Microbiology Journal of Applied Entomology MYCOSCIENCE Applied Entomology and Zoology European Journal of Entomology Journal of general and applied microbiology Biocontrol Science and Technology Brazilian Journal of Microbiology Biocontrol Science Polish Journal of Microbiology Microbiology Annals of Microbiology Entomological Science African Journal of Microbiology Research International Journal of Pest Management Journal of Entomological Science
一、昆虫疾病 » 疾病（disease）：有机体受伤害或被侵染的反 应状态或过程。
˃ 非传染性疾病：理化因素、营养及自身发育等引起的机体的
生理代谢失调；
˃ 传染性疾病：病原微生物寄生引起
» 害虫的微生物防治：利用害虫的病原微生物及 其代谢产物来防治害虫的方法。
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the non-infectious diseases using the following categories: (1) mechanical injuries; (2) Injuries caused by physical agents; (3) injuries caused by poisons or chemical agents; (4) diseases caused by nutritional disturbances or deficiencies of proper nutriments; (5) Diseases caused by deranged physiology and metabolism; (6) genetic diseases or inherited abnormal conditions; (7) congenital anomalies and malformations, non-generic teratologies; (8) certain tumors and neoplasm (i.e., those not associated with microbes); (9) disturbances in development and in regenerative capacity of tissues; (10) injuries caused by parasitization or infestation by other insects or arachnids or by predation.
pest management (IPM) programs. » There are three basic types of biological pest control strategies: importation (sometimes called classical biological control), augmentation and conservation. » Natural enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents, include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. Biological control agents of plant diseases are most often referred to as antagonists. Biological control agents of weeds include herbivores and plant pathogens.
5
6
ET经济阈值或防治指标，是指害虫的某一密度，在此密度下应采取控制措施， 以防止害虫密度达到经济为害水平。
» 强调人与有害生物的协调共存，除刚入侵未
定殖的生物外
» 重在最大限度利用天敌和病原物，尽量减少
化学农药的使用
7
» 生物农药
本课程侧重于介绍活体生物农药 生物源农药：抗生素农药等
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Modes-of-action (MoA) of commercially developed pesticides grouped based on functional categories of targeted biochemical systems. For simplicity of discussion, MoA were categorized into one of nine functional groups. Data were retrieved from the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC, /), the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC, /frac/index.htm), and the Insecticide Resistance Action 9 Committee (IRAC, http://www. /) (Access December 2010).
SCI
Environmental Microbiology Applied and Environmental Microbiology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Systematic and applied microbiology Microbial Ecology Mycological Research Research in microbiology Fungal ecology FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Journal of Applied Microbiology Ecological Modelling Microbiological Research Pest Management Science Mycoses Annals of Applied Biology Experimental Parasitology Journal of Invertebrate Pathology FEMS Microbiology Letters Mycologia Biological Control Biocontrol JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
» 影响昆虫种群波动（up-down effect）
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» 现患率（prevalence）：特定时间受危害的寄主 的数量或占种群的比例； » 发病率（incidence）：一定时间间隔内特定种
群中新病例的数量；
» 感染率（infective rate）用生物测定来衡量； » 传播率（transmission rate）相互接触的易感与 感病寄主数量的比例常数
周湘 学六507 QQ178733067 xzhou@
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化学 农药 绿色 农药
生物 农药 生物源 农药
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生物 防治
绿色 防控
有害生物
综合 治理
化学 防治
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概念回顾
» 生物防治基于生态原理来控制有害生物
˃ 捕食、寄生、拮抗、竞争 ˃ 以虫治虫、以菌治虫、以菌治菌