一．主谓一致（指主语和谓语动词在‘人称’和‘数’方面的一致关系。
）主谓一致遵循以下三条原则（形合，意合，就近）1．形合（主单→谓单；主复→谓复）★1．由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数e.g. Both milk and coffee are on sale in Walmart supermarket.Ru Hua and Wang Xiaohu are a couple.◆注：⑴and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念(and 后无冠词)，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. The teacher and writer has come. Bread and butter is the breakfast of the western people.and所连接的表示同一概念的短语有：a horse and cart马车, a knife and fork刀叉, bread and butter涂有黄油的面包⑵由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
e.g. In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.★2. 用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither 等+ of +复数名词/人称代词作主语时，谓语用单数。
e.g. Neither of his parents is a doctor. They are both teachers.Every one of the students is studying hard.◆注：(1)“both of +复数名词/人称代词”作主语时，谓语用复数。
Both of them are students. (2) none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. None of that money on the table is mine.None of us is/are interested in your new subject.(3)在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
但在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the （only）、the very。
如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only就用复数形式。
He was one of the students who were late for school .★3. each, either, neither, another, the other 和由some, any, no, every + thing/ one/ body构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. There is something wrong with my computer.Everyone is ready for the big dinner. I have two sisters. One is a doctor, the other is a nurse.◆注：each作同位语，谓语动词仍与主语一致。
They each have a book.★4. 不定式/动名词（短语）作主语，谓语用单数。
e.g. Doing morning exercises is good for your health.To teach is to learn.如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。
e.g. To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.To work and to live are two different things but they are always together.★5.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/the rest/分数/百分数+of+ n. 等短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。
此名词可数，则谓语用复数；此名词不可数，则谓语用单数。
All of the work has been finished. Part of the work has been done by us . Let’s eat the food fi rst. The rest is going to be given to them.★6. 成双成套的词如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors ，socks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
◆注：如果这类名词前用了a pair /two pairs等修饰，则谓语与pair的单复数一致。
The shoes in the shop are beautiful. A pair of shoes was sold out this morning.★7．由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或‘n. + of this kind’，以及由与kind 意义相似的type, sort 等词构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语与of前的名词保持一致。
A kind of bird has been discovered by them.Machines of this kind are very useful.★8. a number of后面加复数名词或代词，谓语用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。
The number of the students in our school is over 20 thousand.A number of students are coming to our school to learn English.★9. 倒装句中谓语单复数要看其后面的主语。
There comes the bus.Between the two buildings is a supermarket.★10. 主语后面跟有with ，together with ，along with ，as well as ，but ,except, besides, like ，including, rather than, in addition to等引导的介词短语+其它名词时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
The women with two children is my aunt .Everyone here, including children and old people, is for the plan.Mary, along with her boyfriend, goes climbing every Sunday.2．意合（主语表单数概念→谓语单数；主语表复数概念→谓语复数）★1. 主语表事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
The police are looking for the missing boy.主语表事物的总称，若指无生命的集合体，如traffic, clothing, fruit, equipment等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
★2. 复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语(1)有些词形似复数，实为单数，其作主语时谓语用单数. 常见的有：抽象名词news ，学科名词maths，physics ，politics，报纸、杂志名The New York Times,专有名词James, the United States等The United States was founded in 1776.The New York Times sells well all over the United States .◆但clothes, goods(货物), works(著作)，the Olympics等词或短语作主语时，谓语用复数。
The Olympics are held every four years.(2) 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词或短语作主语时，应将它们看作一整体，谓语用单数。
Ten years is a long time. Five million dollars is a lot of money.★3. “the +形容词”表一类人（如the poor ，the rich ，the young，the old ，the dead ，the sick，the brave 等）作主语，谓语用复数；1The rich are not always happy.若“the +形容词”表一种抽象概念或品质，谓语用单数。
The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.★4.“the +姓氏的复数”（表一家人）作主语时，谓语用复数。
The Greens are watching TV.★5. 集体名词family, class, team, group ,government, audience, crowd, company等若表整体概念时，谓语用单数；若表每一个成员时，谓语用复数。
Her family is a large one. Now the whole family are having dinner in the dinning room◆注：population表“人口”时，谓语用单数；若population受分数、百分数修饰表“居民”时，谓语动词多用复数。
The population of China is about 1.4 billion.Two thirds of the population in China are farmers.★6.疑问代词作主语时，其谓语也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语用单数。
Who is your brother? Who are League members?7. what 从句作主语时，表示单数意义，则谓语用单数；表示复数意义，谓语用复数。