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主谓一致和倒装句

主谓一致主谓一致(concord),是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。

英语中动词be的变化形式最多,如I am,You are,He is,We are等。

主语I一定要用am的动词形式,这就叫‚主谓一致‛。

主谓一致的三个原则:主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则(principle of grammatical concord)、意义一致原则(principle of notional concord)和就近原则(principle of proximity)。

一、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。

1.当and或both ...and...连接两个或多个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。

Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和丽丽都是学生。

2.不定代词either, neither, each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

Is there anything wrong with your bike? 你的自行车有什么毛病吗?Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都为运动会做好了准备。

3.由each,each...and each...,every...and every...,every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书。

4.在下列结构中,谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。

together withalong withwithA+ besides/but/except + B+谓语动词as well asincludingrather thanlikein addition toThe boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.那个男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次博物馆。

Nobody but Xiaohua and Lily was in the classroom.只有小华和丽丽(当时)在教室里。

The wallet, with the ID card and money,was lost.钱包,连同身份证和钱,都丢了。

5.用‛one, every one, any one, each, either, neither等+of+复数名词‛作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

Every one of the students is studying hard.每个学生都在用功读书。

Neither of the girls is pretty.这两个女孩儿都不漂亮。

6.‚a number of +名词复数‛作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;‚the number of +名词复数‛作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;A number of trees are cut down.一些树被砍倒了。

The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32.7.‚a lot of, lots of, plenty of,heaps of, most of +名词‛和‚分数/百分数+of+名词‛等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。

Lots of people have been there. 很多人去过那儿。

‘Most of the computers are bought from Beijing.大部分电脑都是从北京买来的。

8.由‚a pair of/a kind/a series...+of+复数名词‛作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式; ‚pairs/kinds...+of+复数名词‛作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.桌子上有一副太阳镜。

Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day. 每天制作15双鞋。

9.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,...)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

My pants are worn out. 我的裤子穿坏了。

10.不定式或V-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

Reading is learning.读书就是学习。

To see is to believe.眼见为实。

二、意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词是单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。

1.集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据主语的意思来决定。

如family(家庭,家人),crew (全体工作人员),crowd(人群),company(公司,伙伴),audience(观众),committee (委员会),government(政府),group(一群人,组).如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词需用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。

2.集体名词people(人们),police(警察),cattle(牛),poultry(家禽)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,但clothing(衣服),traffic(交通),furniture(家具)等无生命的集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

The police are helping a girl find her mother. (复数)警察正在帮助一个女孩儿找妈妈。

There isn’t any traffic on the road at the moment.(单数)这会儿路上没有车辆往来。

3.表示度量、价格、时间、长度等的名词复数或词组作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。

Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。

Fifty yuan was paid to Mr.Green.付给格林先生50元钱。

4.算式中加法和乘法可用单数也可用复数,但减法和除法必须用单数。

What are /is three times three? 三乘以三是多少?Ten minus five leaves five.10减去5等于5.5.有些专有名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

6.主语形式为复数而意义却为单数,如news,works或一些以-ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics,mathematics等,谓语动词需用单数形式,但trousers,shorts,glasses 等均为复数名词,它们在句中作主语时,谓语动词只可用复数形式,不过,当它们前面有a/this pair of等修饰时,后面的谓语动词需用单数形式。

三、就近原则1.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。

One or two days are enough to see the city.要参观这个城市一两天就够了。

2.在there be或here be句型中,如果有并列的两个名词作主语,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。

There is a girl and four boys in the room.Here are the reasons...倒装句1. So+助动词/be/情态动词+主语Neither +助动词/be/情态动词+主语(1)这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,意思是‚某人/某物也是这样‛。

这种结构中的助动词/be动词/情态动词在形式上与前句中的谓语保持一致,而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。

Lucy is a good student;so is Lily.露西是好学生,莉莉也是好学生。

(2)这两种结构的不同点:‚so+助动词/be/情态动词+主语‛依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人或物,意为‚......也......‛,相当于:...,too.‚neither +助动词/be/情态动词+主语‛依附于否定句,表示前边的否定情况也适合于后边的人或物,意为‛.......也不......‘,相当于:...don’t,either.Tom watched TV last night;so did Ann.汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。

Many didn’t watch TV last night;neither/nor did John.玛丽昨晚没有看电视,约翰也没看。

2.there be句型there be 句型是一个表示‚存在‛的句型,它是主语在be 动词后面的倒装句。

There is a tree in front of the building.楼前有一棵树。

3.副词开头的倒装句在以here, there, out,in,down, away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中,如果主语是名词,要用倒装句。

因此,谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。

Here is a flower.这儿有一朵花。

注意:如果主语是人称代词,就不再倒装。

Here you are.给你。

4.表地点的介词短语位于句首,倒装时不用there be 来代替be.On the table is a flower. 桌子上有一朵花。

On the table are some flowers.桌子上有许多花。

5.‚so+助动词/be/情态动词+主语‛‚neither +助动词/be/情态动词+主语‛与‚so+主语+助动词/be/情态动词‛的区别(1)——Tom passed the driving test.汤姆通过驾驶考试了。

——So did he.他也通过了。

(2)——Tom passed the driving test.汤姆通过驾驶考试了。

——So he did.确实是。

题组训练1.Everyone except Tom and John _______(be)there when the meeting begin.2.Neither of the two brothers_______(live)with their parents.3.Playing basketball___________(be)Dale’s favorite sport.4.Over 80 percent of the population __________(be) workers.5.The whole class __________(be)greatly moved by his words.6.The Chinese badminton team________(be)playing magnificently.7.The police __________(be)looking for the murderer.8.Nine plus three_______(be)twelve.9.His Selected Poem _______(be)first published in 1965.10.I think physics_________(be)much more useful than maths.11.Not only students but also their teacher_________(disagree)the plan.12.There_______(be)some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.13.Here______(be)a letter and two books for you.14.——Tom likes pop music.—_____do I.(so/neither/nor)15.—Tom hasn’t finished his work.—__________have I.(so/neither/nor)16.On the table_______(有)a cup.17.—I will go to Hainan for a visit this summer vacation.—______________.(我也去)1.was2.lives3.is4.are/is5.were6.is7.are8.is/are9.was 10.is 11.objects 12.are 13.is 14.so 15.neither/nor 16.is 17.so will I。

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