大学英语翻译专题讲座
英译汉
Translation
Unit 1 增词法和减 词法
Amplification and Omission
一、为了保证语法结构的完整：
代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语 则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都 没有代词，需要增补。 1．大作收到，十分高兴。 I am very glad to have received your writing. 2．没有调查就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲 一遍。 After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.
3 ．村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买 东西。 Men and women, old and young in the village, all liked shopping in that small supermarket. 4． 我妈妈来了，我得回去了。 My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now. 5．送君千里，终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.
3. 这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施， 一个是张飞。 This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known illtempered brute. 4. 滥竽充数： pretend to play the yu(an ancient musical instrument) and retain one’s position in the orchestra/// (of incompetent people or inferior goods) be there just to make up the number
4． 我们响应了祖国的号召。
We responded motherland.
to
the
call
of
our
5．她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.
6.孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。 The children take their lunch to school every day.
二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。 文中暗含的意思：
1．大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。 Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard. 2．要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.
冠词：
1．她不把他当阿公，而当作亲爹。 She considered him not a father-in-law but a father. 2．我们对问题要作全面的分析，才 能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly solved.
1. 我们必须培养分析问题，解决问题的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve the problems. 2. 多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。 For many years, there has been serious unemployment in that country. 3. 他们是亲密无间的朋友。 They are close/ bosom/ intimate friends. 4. 这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。 The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.
Unit 2
语态变化法
这里说的语态是指主动语态和被动语 态。这两种语态在英汉两种语言中的 使用情况是很不相同的：英语大量使 用被动语态，而汉语很少使用，即使 使用，也不像英语那样有固定的构成 形式。譬如说，汉语的被动不是只用 一个“被”字表示。因此，为使译文 更加地道，在翻译中就必须采用变化 语态的翻译方法。
增加概括性的词语
1. 结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。 The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with. 2. 也许您忘记了７月份的购货帐还没有 结算。 Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet been settled.
7． 我们的心永远向着祖国。 Our hearts are always towards our motherland.
连词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译 成英语时，要适当增加连词。
1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2． 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 Soபைடு நூலகம்long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
Omission
一、重复出现某词（排比句中） 1 ．俘虏望望沈明，又望望其他的人，没有 说下去。
Looking at Shen Ming, then at the others, the prisoner of war fell silent. The prisoner of war looked at Shenming and then the others. He did not keep on talking.
1.The bowl was broken
碗被打破了 2.He was attacked by two masked men.
他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。
3. As soon as all the facts have been found out,we can begin to create a theeory.
介词：英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。
1．我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。 We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country. 2． 你白天还是晚上飞广州？ Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night? 3． 那我们山脚见吧。 Let’s meet at the foot of the hill.
语态变化法的定义
定义：在英汉互译中，要经常变 化语态，以使译文符合习惯用法， 显得地道而自然。这种翻译法称 为语态变化法。
一、译为被动句
如果英语被动句重在表述被动的动作， 译为汉语时应当采取以“被”字为特 征的被动句式，以便突出其被动意味。 典型的“被”字结构为:受事方+“被” 字+（施事方）+动词。这种被动句一 般用在比较正式的文体中，一般都有 强调被动动作的语用作用。从翻译方 法来看，这便是按照原文句型进行直 译。例如：
Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.”
二、原文中表示范畴的词：
1. 基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面， 中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向德国订购了两辆防 弹轿车。 The Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered two bulletproof cars from Germany due to the social unrest and upheaval in Iraq at present. 2. 在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事 业。 Under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation.
5. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns. 6. 理论联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原 则。 That the theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. 7. 天气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。 With the weather so stuffy, ten to nine it will rain. 8. 所有公民在法律面前一律平等。 All citizens are equal before law.
添加注释性的词语：