动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补与状语一、动词-ing形式作表语1、表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible、(= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作就是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2、表示主语具有的特征、性质与状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词)The problem is quite puzzling、这个问题很令困惑。
3、常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往就是句子中的主语,但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night、(staying too late every night的逻辑主语就是her)二、动词-ing形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途与性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary瞧起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing形式如就是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in a house facing south、(=which is facing south)她们住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know the boy playing basket?(=Who is playing basket)您认识在打篮球的那个小男孩不？The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle正在访问日本的那个男人就是我的叔叔。
三、动词-ing形式作宾补1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house、2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the film very exciting、= The film is found very exciting、3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉与心理状态的感官动词,(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)+ sb + doing sth(作宾补)I felt somebody standing behind me、2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词,(常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等)+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补)We kept the fire burning all night long、我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won‘t have you running about in the room、我不允许您在房间里跑来跑去。
4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式与动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别:We heard the telephone ring、We heard the telephone ringing、前者表示动作正在进行,后者表示(或强调)动作的全过程。
四、动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。
动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1 表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination、我们已经作好了充分准备,现在可以应考了。
(= After we have made full preparations、、、)2 表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday、由于生病,她昨天没有上学。
(= Since he was ill、、、)3 表示结果,相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money、= and left him a lot of money、她父亲死了,留给她许多钱、4 表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed、=If you work hard at your lessons、、、如果您努力学习,就一定能成功。
5 表示让步,相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage、= Although they knew all this、、、尽管知道了一切情况,她们还就是要我赔偿损失。
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明,相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time、= 、、、and stared at the sky for a long time她躺在草地上,长时间地望着天空。
练习题1、Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs、1) _______(clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour、2) All of us watched the hunter ________ (bring) down the dangerous bear、3) When he woke up, he found himself ________ (lie) in hospital、4) Electricity lines were brought down by ___________ (fall) trees in the storm、5) The tall building _________ (build) now will be a hospital、6) The man ________ (wear) a sad look said, "I've lost my wallet、"7) —What is a water can used for?—It's used to _________ (water) flowers or something like that、8) There was a terrible noise __________ (follow) the sudden burst of light、9) The missing boy was last seen _________ (play) near the river、10) In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _______ (point) at another person、2、-ing形式作补语练与析从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1、Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it、A、being sung; sangB、sang; singingC、sung; singD、to be sung; to sing2、It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night、A、to burnB、burnC、burningD、burned3、He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger、A、putB、to be puttingC、to putD、putting4、—Did you meet anyone ______ at the party?—No, in fact, I found the party rather ______、A、interesting; boringB、interested; boringC、interesting; boredD、interested; bored5、The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off、A、to have stolenB、to be stealingC、to stealD、stealing6、Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth、A、runB、runningC、being runD、to run7、The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake、A、missing; playingB、missing; playC、missed; playedD、missed; to play8、A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen、A、smokeB、smokingC、to smokeD、smoked。