V-ing形式作定语

1. 表示修饰名词的属性、作用或用途。
the reading/dinning/waiting room washing/bathing/drinking water

2. 使动词的V-ing作定语，表示修饰名词的性质、 特点。 表语 The speech is boring.
V-ing形式作宾语补足语
主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。 2. 使役动词：have, set, keep, leave, get+ V-ing表 示处于某种状态或持续干某事。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

It’s not difficult to get him talking --- the problem is how to stop him.

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Anyone being outside school shall get punished.
Anyone outside school shall get punished.
Anyone who is outside school shall get punished.
V-ing形式作宾语补足语
V-ing形式作表语、 定语和宾语补足语
V-ing形式作表语

1. 表抽象性、经常性、一般性的动作，可与主语互换 位置。
One of his bad habits is smoking while having dinner. Smoking while having dinner is one of his bad habits. 注：不定式(to do)亦可作表语，但不定式侧重某次具体 的动作。
I don’t think her joke is amusing at all. I am not amused at her joke at all. The film we saw last night was very moving. We were moved at the film we saw lat night.

V-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 感官动词： 注：感官动词+

doing (正在进行) (to) do (动作的全过程) done (动作的被动、完成)
I saw a boy getting on the bus. I saw a boy get on the bus. I saw a boy beaten by his father.
V-ing形式作宾语补足语
2. 使役动词： 注：使役动词+

doing to do (去做/完成一件事) done (动作的被动、完成)
He left the little girl to find her own way home. Never leave children playing near water by themselves. I will have my computer repaired.
This/It is a boring speech. 定语
V-ing形式作定语

3. 表示所修饰名词的动作或状态，相当于一个 定语从句。 Watch out for the rolling stone.
Watch out for the stone which is rolling.
They lived in a house facing the sea.
Her job is _________ (nurse) patients in the hospital; but nursing this weekend her task is ______________ (look after) her to look after granny.
V-ing形式作表语

2.使人产生某种情绪或感觉的使动词，如 disappoint, amuse, astonish, interest, frighten, puzzle, surprise, move, excite, bore, confuse等， V-ing表示“令人…的”, 而V-ed表示“(人)感 到…的”。
主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。 1. 感官动词：see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe, + V-ing表示动 作正在进行。 Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window. I noticed a stranger sliding into the manager’s office.
They lived in a house which faces the sea.
V-ing形式作定语
注：V-ing形式的完成时不可作限制性的后置定 语。形容词、副词、介词短语作后置定语，前面 无需加being。 Do you know the man having picked up a wallet? Do you know the man who has picked up a wallet?