[unit 5]1.Efforts have been made to wipe out poverty in the rural (countryside) areas.2.The coastal areas are having a period of prosperity (success and wealth).3.I bought this pair of shoes five years ago, and they are so durable (long-lasting) that I’m stillwearing them now.4.The woolen clothes will shrink (become smaller) in the wash, so buy a large size when youwant them.5.Some plastics are so tough (hard) as metal.6.There is a variety of commodities (goods) on sale in the department store.7.The trend (tendency) of prices is till upwards.8.The idea of allowing the players to wear the company’s logo (symbol) my win approval. [unit 6]1.The traffic crawled (moved slowly) long at ten miles an hour.2.The fans were jubilant (filled with great joy) about the victory of their team.3.Sydney made a successful bid (offer) to host the Olympic Games in the year 2000.4.We went to Brazil for carnival (public festival) .5.On the top of the mountain, I had a feeling of exhilaration (excitement and happiness) whenI saw the breath-taking views around me.6.Lying on a sunny beach is my idea of pure bliss (perfect happiness).7.Our football team has a group of loyal (faithful) supporters. No matter whether we win orlose, they support us all the same.8.She brandished (waved) a saucepan at me, so I ran out of the kitchen.[unit 7]1.Though a simple story, it has a profound (deep) effect.2.Will the strike affect (influence) the price of coal?3.We have seen the value of our house diminish (decrease) greatly over the last six months.4.He had never had any experience, so he appeared timid (easily frightened) in the jobinterview.5.I spoke to him about it on numerous (many) occasions.6.She interpreted (understood the meaning of ) his silence as anger.7.Several villages have been isolated (seperated) by the floods.8.He worked so hard that eventually (in the end) he made himself ill.[unit 8]1.On the journey, they encountered (met) an English couple.2.Tom’s contribution (help) to our victory in his competition was very important. Without him,it would be very difficult for us to win.3.Is this your permanent(lasting forever) address, or are you only staying here for a shorttime?4.After their independence, people on this island established an autonomous (self-governing)government.5.His family can trace (find the origins of by going back) its history back to the 10th century.6.The seasons follow each other in rotation (coming around one after another).7.I was surprised at the extent (range) of his knowledge.8.We are indebted (thankful) to our neighbors for their kind help when we were in trouble.China to toughen penalties(处罚) for price violations（违反）BEIJING - The State Council, China's cabinet, said Monday it will revise（修订）penalties to further crack down on price violations in order to tackle inflation（通货膨胀）.The revised code will mainly target price manipulation（操纵）, collusion（勾结）, malicious hoarding（恶意囤积）and the spreading of false information, a statement issued after a State Council executive（行政）meeting presided over（主持）by Premier Wen Jiabao said.Revision to the Provisions on Administrative Penalties for Price Violations is necessary to crack down on price violations and to maintain normal order and market pricing, the statement said.The statement, which did not elaborate（精心制作）on the revisions, said the new code will be made public after further revision.China's CPI, the main gauge（度量）of inflation, rose to a 25-month high of 4.4 percent year on year in the 12 months through October. The hike was mainly due to a 10.1 percent surge（激增）in food prices. Food prices have a one-third weighting in the calculation of China's CPI.China has implemented a slew of measures（实施大量措施）to rein（控制）in rising commodity（商品）prices to ease economic pressures on the public, especiallylow-income groups.The measures include increasing grain supply, giving subsidies to low-income families and clamping down（取缔，施加压力）on speculation（投机）.Related readings:China to curb inflation, economic slowdownChina's commodity future prices fall on anti-inflation measuresCommodity future prices fall on anti-inflation measuresCentral bank pledges to intensify fight against inflationChina to curb（抑制）inflation, economic slowdownThe main focus of China's economic policy in the near future will be to prevent inflation and an excessive（过多的）economic slowdown, said Chen Dongqi, vice-president of the Academy of Macroeconomic Research under the National Development and Reform Commission, the 21st Century Business Herald reported Monday.Rising costs and market speculation（投机）are the two biggest factors behind China's inflationary pressures, Huang Mengfu, chairman of the All-China Federation（联盟）of Industry and Commerce, said on Nov 25.He added that inflation is an inevitable outcome of China's economic restructuring（重组）. Therefore, moderate（适当的）and controllable inflation i s good for the structural transformation of China's economy, he said."China has to keep inflation at around 4 percent," Huang said.However, whether the central government will raise its inflation-rate tolerance（公差）remains unknown. The most discussed issue among the policy-makers is how to strengthen the management of inflation, the newspaper reported, citing（引用）a policy-making consultant（顾问）at the government's think tank（智囊团）.In addition, China will readjust（重新调整）the proportions of related data when calculating the consumer price index next year. The proportion of expenses on housing, education, medical treatment and communications will be increased, while the proportion of food product expenses will goes down, the report said.Meanwhile, economists said they believe that it's time to address concerns about the loose monetary policy（宽松的货币政策）in effect in China for about two years. On Nov 23, Hu Xiaolian, vice-president of People's Bank of China, said the central bank will guide the monetary credit back to normal levels. Hu did not elaborate on（详细说明）what amount is considered a "normal level".Xia Bin at the central bank's monetary-policy committee said it will be good for stable economic development and help lessen liquidity if the government limits credit growth to around 15 percent in 2011.Related readings:Inflation spike puts a hole in pocketInflation is inevitableChina's commodity future prices fall on anti-inflation measuresEconomist: Inflation worry exaggerated in ChinaCampaign（活动）to target HIV/AIDS risk groupsBy Shan Juan (China Daily)Updated: 2010-11-30 07:3490% to be included in intervention as 44,000 infections reported this yearBEIJING - An intervention program（干预计划）will be expanded to include at least 90 percent of groups considered at high risk of contracting HIV/AIDS by 2015, in a move to reverse（逆转）the spread of the virus, a leading health official said.Currently, less than 40 percent of such groups, including men having sex with men (MSM) and sex workers, have ever been reached for HIV/AIDS intervention, Hao Yang, deputy director of the disease prevention and control bureau of the Ministry of Health, told China Daily."The disease is striking these groups particularly hard with infections rising sharply, though the government has checked the trend of fast-rising HIV infections," he said ahead of World AIDS Day, which falls on Wednesday.By the end of October, China detected（检测）roughly 44,000 new HIV infections this year, with nearly 13 percent infected through gay sex, the latest ministry statistics（统计）showed.Reported AIDS-related deaths reached 68,000, up nearly 20,000 year-on-year.The latest intervention target is set in China's next Five-Year Action Plan to ControlHIV/AIDS (2011-2015), which is still under discussion, Hao said.Hao also urged an end to discrimination to help the fight against HIV/AIDS.Those infected with HIV/AIDS are often looked down upon by society, and in the case of sex workers and drug users, criminalized（宣告……为违法事件）. As a result, many are reluctant（不情愿的）or scared to accept services from the government, according to Mark Stirling, the United Nations Country Coordinator on AIDS in Beijing.The State Council, China's Cabinet,pledged（保证）on Monday to step up（提高）screening for HIV/AIDS, while enhancing public knowledge of the disease, to protect those at risk of infection.The government will expand its monitoring network to detect as many HIV-positive people as possible, according to a statement issued after a State Council executive（行政的）meeting.The government will promote the application of fast HIV-infection detection methods at the grassroots level, the statement said, without elaborating（详细说明）.To curb mother-to-child transmission, the government will continue to provide free tests for HIV/AIDS and syphilis（梅毒）for expectant mothers, it said.To control its spread among drug addicts, the government will build a comprehensive intervention network comprised of（由……组成）forced rehabilitation（复原）, community correction, and medical treatment.Campaigns against drug trafficking（非法交易）and prostitution（卖淫）will be boosted（升高）, the statement said.The government will also add more HIV/AIDS medicines to basic medical insurance to ease the financial burden of those infected while boosting the use of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment, it said.Hao noted that government funding for tackling AIDS ha s quadrupled since 2003 and is expected to reach 1.6 billion yuan ($240 million) for 2010.Each month, hundreds of thousands of homosexual men and sex workers on the mainland are instructed on safe-sex through various government-backed AIDS intervention projects, official statistics show.But, compared with an estimated homosexual population on the mainland of nearly 40 million, "that's far from enough", Hao noted.The World Health Organization estimates that about 60 percent of vulnerable groups（弱势群体）need to be subject to（从属于）intervention to prevent HIV/AIDS from spreading.Also, largely due to discrimination, more than 80 percent of homosexual men choose to marry women, which also puts their wives at risk of contracting the virus, according to a study involving more than 8,000 homosexuals led by professor Zhang Beichuan at Qingdao University.The study also found that at least 70 percent of the homosexual population had more than one sexual partner, but only 30 percent used condoms（安全套）."Consequently（因此）, HIV/AIDS has been rampant（猖獗的）among the MSM group and the average HIV prevalence（流行）among them is 5 percent nationwide," Hao said, adding the rate is 0.05 percent among the general public. In some cities, nearly one out of five homosexuals are infected.Notably（显著地）, 71 percent of vulnerable groups（弱势群体）covered by intervention would use condoms, Hao said.He noted that it was important for other departments, like public security, to join the campaign, especially in dealing with sex workers.Intervention, including the promotion of condom use, should never be halted（停止）among sex workers, he said, adding that increasing awareness is required for aninter-department partnership to combat AIDS.He also conceded（承认）that the ongoing（不间断的）crackdown（镇压）on prostitution （卖淫）posed a challenge for intervention.Currently, AIDS prevalence（流行）among sex workers stands roughly at 2 percent nationwide, experts said.Related readings:20,000 more AIDS deaths in one yearChina pledges more efforts to control HIV-AIDSSex becomes main source of AIDS spread in S China provinceRaising awareness for AIDS preventionWord match[unit 5]dispute ---- an argument or disagreemententerprise---- business companyauthentic---- real; trueenlightened----showing true and deep understandingsuccessor---- a person or thing that follows anotherfacility----equipmentnegotiation----discussion aimed at reaching an agreementmeasure----a method for dealing with a situationserial---- in or forming a seriescapture---- seize by forcemultilateral---- involving more than two groups or countriesstaff---- the group of people who work for an organizationannual---- happening once every yearinfrastructure---- basic system and services; such as transport and power supplies commitment---- a promise of decision to do something1.This picture should be very valuable because there is a(n) authentic signature of the painteron it.2.This university is seeking a(n) successor to its president who will retire this summer.3.Negotiation for the pay increase is likely to take several weeks.4.They have been unable to settle the dispute over working conditions.5.Some sports, such as swimming and tennis, need sport facilities.6.We must take further measures to fight against terrorism.7.Seven countries are taking part in the multilateral talks.8.There are over a hundred staff in this company.[unit 6]Boulevard---- a wide road in a city with lined trees along it.Fervent----passionateConquer----win;; defeatPropose---- make an offer of marriageMessenger----a person who brings messagesEmbrace----clasp in the arms; hugPop---- burst open with a short, quick, explosive soundMotto----a short expression of a guiding principleMillennium----a period of 1,000 yearsBribery----giving or taking a gift in order to do something dishonestExhausted----very tiredStadium---- a large sports-ground with seats for spectatorsCommittee---- a group of people selected to do something specialMedal---- a piece of metal given to a person as an honorAthlete---- a person who is good at sport1.When I reached the top of the mountain, I was exhausted and wanted to take a rest.2.Her brother is an athlete who is especially good at swimming.3.My motto is “work hard, play hard.”4.The official accepted the businessman’s money. One year later both of them were arrestedand were punished for bribery.5.In tears they embrace each other on the station platform before departure.6. A special committee was set up to deal with the problem.7.The young man took a bouquet of roses and proposed to his girl friend.8.She won a gold medal at the Olympic Games.[unit 7]Stumble----speak in an uncertain wayTentative----not certainSpouse----husband or wifeSignal----a sound or action intended to give a messageBrood---- spend time thinking sadly about somethingIntelligent----having powers of learning, reasoning or understandingPotential----possibility for developmentWander---- move about without a fixed purposeScold---- criticize in an angry wayTyrant----a person who uses power cruelly and unjustlyStride----walk with quick, long stepsIntimidate----threaten; frightenCommitted----having made a firm promiseInherit----receive something from one’s parentsPersonality----character; individuality1.When I look at my watch, it’s a signal for us to leave.2.We have made tentative plans for a vacation but haven’t really decided yet.3.To have a good personality is more important than to have a good appearance.4.We are committed to withdrawing our troops by the end of the year.5.Yesterday, he scolded his son for fighting at school.6.Don’t just sit there brooding over your problems.7.Look at that little boy wandering about. Perhaps he has lost his mother.8.Louisa watched him striding across the lawn.[unit 8]Implement----toolSophisticated----not simple; complicatedInternal----inside; domesticDiplomatic----related to the relations between nations.Dismiss----refuse to considerObjective----aim; goalManual----done by hand; of physical, rather than mental, workSurvive----- continue to live or existBark---- the strong outer covering of a treeOffensive----unpleasantCommunity----all the people living in a particular district, or such a district itself Utensil----a tool or container for practical useSacred----holy; connected with religionPreserve---- a special area in which certain animals or plants are protected. Aborigine---- a member of a group native to a place1.The main objective for the president now is simply to stay in power.2.The kitchen had no cooker and no proper cooking utensils.puter-controlled robots are taking over sophisticated jobs in many industries.4.His survival from the accident was a miracle.5.Cows are sacred to Hindus.6.He just laughed and dismissed the idea as impossible.7.This company is producing basic agricultural implement for undeveloped areas.8.The government was unwilling to endanger its diplomatic links with Britain.[unit 9]Cunning----Authority----Bridegroom。