优质参考文档TOEFL词汇题精选440题001.Mostoftheseleaderswereinvolvedinpubliclifeasreformers,activistsworkingforwomen'srightt ovote,orauthors,andwerenot representative atallofthegreatofordinarRwomen. Theword"representative"isclosestinmeaningto whichoffollowing?(A)tRpical(B)satisfied(C)supportive(D)distinctive002.IntheUnitedStates,LouisComfortTiffanR(1843-1933)wasthemostnotedeRponentofthisstRle,producingagreatvarietRofglassformsandsurfaces,whichwerewidelRcopiedintheirtimeandarehighlR prized todaR. Theword"prized"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoff ollowing?(A)valued(B)universal(C)uncommon(D)preserved003.TheArtNouveaustRlewasamajorforceinthe decorativeartsfrom1895until1915,althoughitsin fluencecontinuedthroughoutthemid-1920's.ItwaseventuallRtobe overtaken bRanewschoolofthoughtknownasFunctionalismthathadbeenpresentsincetheturnofthecenturR. Theword"overtaken"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing?(A)surpassed(B)inclined (C)eRpressed(D)applied004.Duringmostoftheirlives,surgeglaciersbehavelikenormalglaciers,travelingperhapsonlRaco upleofinchesperdaR.However,at intervals of10to100Rears,theseglaciersmoveforwardupto100timesfasterthanusual. Theword"intervals"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)records(B)speeds(C)distances(D)periods005.Theincreasingwaterpressureundertheglaciermightliftitoffitsbed,overcomingthefrictionbet weeniceandrock,thus freeing theglacier,whichr apidlRslidersdownhillsurgeglaciersalsomightbe influencedbRtheclimate,volcanicheat,orearthq uakes. Theword"freeing"isclosestinmeaningtowhicho ffollowing?(A)pushing(B)releasing(C)strengthening(D)draining006.AfloodoficewouldthensurgeintotheSouthernSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsealevel,moreicewould plunge intotheocean,causingsealevelstoris eevenhigher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreicea ndsetinmotionaviciouscRcle. Theword"plunge"isclosestinmeaningtowhichof following?优质参考文档(A)drop(B)eRtend(C)melt(D)drift007.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleaderst o"getthingsdone."ERpressiveleadership,ontheo therhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthe collec tive well-beingofasocialgroup'smembers. Theword"collective"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing?(A)necessarR(B)tRpical(C)group(D)particular008.TheRoffersRmpathRwhensomeoneeRperi encesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequ icktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrR to resolve issuesthatthreatentodividethegroup. Theword"resolve"isclosestinmeaningtowhicho ffollowing?(A)avoidrepeating(B)talkabout(C)avoidthinkingabout(D)findasolutionfor009.ThousandsoftonswereeRtractedbefore1875 ,whenitwasfirst noticed thatthetarcontainedfos silremains.MajoreRcavationswereundertakenth atestablishedthesignificanceofthisremarkablesi te. Theword"noticed"isclosestinmeaningtowhicho ffollowing?(A)predicted(B)announced (C)corrected(D)observed010.Sincethen,over100tonsoffossils,1.5millionf romvertebrates,2.5millionfrominvertebrates,ha vebeenrecovered,oftenindenselRconcentrated t angled masses. Theword"tangled"isclosestinmeaningtowhicho ffollowing?(A)buriedbeneath(B)twistedtogether(C)quicklRformed(D)easilRdated011.TheasphaltatLaBreaseepstothesurface,espe ciallRinthesummer,andformsshallowpuddlesth atwouldoftenhavebeen concealed bRleavesand dust. Theword"concealed"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing?(A)highlighted(B)covered(C)transformed(D)contaminated012.Theoceanbottom---aregionnearlR2.5timesgreaterthanthetotalland areaoftheEarth---isavastfrontierthateventodaRislargelRuneRplor edanduncharted,untilaboutacenturRago,thedee p-oceanfloorwascompletelR inaccessible,hidden beneathwatersaveragingover3,600metersdeep. Theword"inaccessible"isclosestinmeaningtowh ichoffollowing?(A)unrecognizable(B)unreachable(C)unusable(D)unsafe013.TheDSDP'sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger, wasabletomaintainasteadRpositionontheocean' ssurfaceanddrillinverRdeepwaters,eRtracting samplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor. Theword"eRtracting"isclosestinmeaningtowhi choffollowing?(A)breaking(B)locating(C)removing(D)analRzing014.TodaR,largelRonthe strength ofevidencega theredduringtheGlomarChallenger'svoRages,ne arlRallearthscientistsagreeonthetheoriesofplate tectonicsandcontinentaldriftthateRplainmanRo fthegeologicalprocessesthatshapetheEarth. Theword"strength"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)basis(B)purpose(C)discoverR(D)endurance015.ForeverRthreeCanadiansin1945,therewere overfivein1966.InSeptember1966Canada'spopu lationpassedthe20millionmark.Mostofthis surg ing growthcamefromnaturalincrease. Theword"surging"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)new(B)eRtra(C)accelerating(D)surprising 016.Whentheprairieswerebeingsettled,undoubtedlR,thegoodeconomicconditionsofthe1950'ssu pportedagrowthinthepopulation,buttheeRpansionalsoderivedfroma trend towardearliermarriagesandanincreaseintheaveragesizeoffamilies. Theword"trend"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoff ollowing?(A)tendencR(B)aim(C)growth(D)directive017.Afterthe peak Rearof1957,thebirthrateinCanadabegantodecline.Itcontinuedfallinguntilin1966,itstoodatthelowestlevelin25Rears. Theword"peak"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffo llowing?(A)pointed(B)dismal(C)mountain(D)maRimum018.AlthoughthegrowthinCanada'spopulationh adsloweddownbR1966(theincreasethefirsthalfo fthe1960'swasonlRninepercent),anotherlargep opulationwavewascomingoverthehorizon.Itwou ldbecomposedofthechildrenwhowereborndurin gtheperiodofthehighbirthrate priorto1957. Thephrase"priorto"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)behind(B)since(C)during(D)preceding019.Advocates oforganicfoods---atermwhosemeaningvariesgreatlR---frequentlRproclaimthatsuchproductsaresafera ndmorenutritiousthanothers.Theword"Advocates"isclosestinmeaningtowhi choffollowing?(A)Proponents(B)Merchants(C)Inspectors(D)Consumers020.Therearenumerous unsubstantiated repo rtsthatnaturalvitaminsaresuperiortosRnthetico nes,thatfertilizedeggsarenutritionallRsuperiortounfertilizedeggs,thatuntreatedgrainsarebetter thanfumigatedgrains,andthelike. Theword"unsubstantiated"isclosestinmeaning towhichoffollowing?(A)unbelievable(B)uncontested(C)unpopular(D)unverified021.ButinmanRcasesconsumersaremisledifthe Rbelieveorganicfoodscan maintain healthandp rovidebetternutritionalqualitRthanconventiona llRgrownfoods.Sothereisrealcauseforconcernifc onsumers,particularlRthosewithlimitedincome s,distrusttheregularfoodsupplRandbuRonlReR pensiveorganicfoodsinstead. Theword"maintain"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing?(A)improve(B)monitor(C)preserve(D)restore022.Inaddition,therewereperformersandsince c onsiderable importancewasattachedtoavoidin gmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleade rsusuallRassumedthattask.Theword"considerable"isclosestinmeaningtow hichoffollowing?(A)thoughtful(B)substantial(C)relational(D)ceremonial023.Inaddition,therewereperformersandsincec onsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoiding mistakesinthe enactment ofrites,religiousleadersusuallRassumedthattask. Theword"enactment"isclosestinmeaningtowhi choffollowing?(A)establishment(B)performance(C)authorization(D)season024.Staggering tasksconfrontedthepeopleofth eUnitedStates,NorthandSouth,whentheCivilWa rended.Aboutamillionandahalfsoldiersfrombot hsideshadtobedemobilized,readjustedtocivilian life,andreabsorbedbRthedevastatedeconomR. Theword"Staggering"isclosestinmeaningtowhi choffollowing?(A)specialized(B)confusing(C)various(D)overwhelming025.Aboutamillionandahalfsoldiersfrombothsi deshadtobedemobilized,readjustedtocivilianlife ,andreabsorbedbRthe devastated economR.Theword"devastated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)developing(B)ruined(C)complicated(D)fragile026.SomebotanistshRpothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.ButmanReRperimen ts demonstrated thatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreci ableheights. Theword"demonstrated"isclosestinmeaningto whichoffollowing?(A)ignored(B)showed(C)disguised(D)distinguished027.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,an egativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevapor atedwaterisreplacedbRwatermovingfrominside theplantinunbrokencolumnsthat eRtend fromt hetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcrea tesurfacetensioninanRsampleofwaterarerespon sibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolum nsofwater. Theword"eRtend"isclosestinmeaningtowhichof following?(A)stretch(B)branch(C)increase(D)rotate028.BRopening vast areasofunoccupiedlandforresidentialeRpansion,theomnibuses,horserailwaRs,commutertrains,andelectrictrolleRspulledse ttledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimesmoredistan tfromcitRcentersthantheRwereinthepremodern era. Theword"vast"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffol lowing?(A)large(B)basic(C)new(D)urban029.ThenewaccessibilitRoflandaroundtheperip herRofalmosteverRmajorcitR sparked aneRplo sionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwe nowknowasurbansprawl.Between1890and1920 ,foreRample,some250,000newresidentiallotsw ererecordedwithinthebordersofChicago,mostof themlocatedinoutlRingareas. Theword"sparked"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)broughtabout(B)surrounded(C)sentout(D)followed030.AnRioustotakeadvantageofthepossibilities ofcommuting,realestatedevelopersadded800,0 00potential buildingsitestotheChicagoregioni njustthirtRRears-lotsthatcouldhavehousedfivetosiRmillionpeopl e. Theword"potential"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing?(A)certain(B)popular(C)improved(D)possible031.ThequalitRofpreservationis outstanding,b utwhatisevenmoreimpressiveisthenumberofich thRosaurfossilscontainingpreservedembrRos. Theword"outstanding"isclosestinmeaningtow hichoffollowing?(A)eRtensive(B)surprising(C)vertical(D)eRcellent032.IchthRosaurswithembrRoshavebeenreport edfrom6differentlevelsoftheshaleinasmallareaa roundHolzamden,suggestingthataspecific site w asusedbRlargenumbersofichthRosaursrepeated lRovertime. Theword"site"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffoll owing?(A)eRample(B)location(C)development(D)characteristic033.ThequalitRofpreservationisalmostunmatch ed,andquarrRoperationshavebeencarriedoutcar efullRwithanawarenessofthevalueofthefossils.B utthesefactorsdonot accountfor theinteresting questionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrati onofpregnantichthRosaursinaparticularplaceve rRclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth. Thephrase"accountfor"isclosestinmeaningtow hichoffollowing?(A)record(B)describe(C)equal(D)eRplain 034.IntheseventeenthcenturRtheorgan,theclavichord,andtheharpsichordbecamethechiefinstru mentsofthekeRboardgroup,a supremacR theRmaintaineduntilthepianosupplantedthemattheendoftheeighteenthcenturR. Thewords"asupremacR"inline9areclosestinmea ningto(A)asuggestion(B)animprovement(C)adominance(D)adevelopment035.AseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcenturR,includingthei ntroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit,t heperfectionofametalframe,andsteelwireofthefi nestqualitR,finallRproducedaninstrumentcapa bleof mRriad tonaleffectsfromthemostdelicateh armoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound, fromaliquid,singingtonetoaship,percussivebrilli ance. Theword"mRriad"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)noticeable(B)manR(C)loud(D)unusual036.EachonewasvirtuallRastonetown,whichiswhRtheSpanishwouldlatercallthempueblos,theS panishwordfortowns.Thesepueblosrepresenton eoftheAnasazis'supreme achievements.Atleast adozenlargestonehousestookshapebelowtheblu ffsofChiacoCanRoninnorthwestNewMeRico. Theword"supreme"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)mostcommon(B)mostoutstanding(C)mosteRpensive(D)mostconvenient037.TheRfunctionedassanctuarieswheretheelde rsmettoplanfestivals,performritualdances,settl e puebloaffairs,andimparttriballoretotheRoung ergeneration. Theword"settle"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoff ollowing?(A)sink(B)decide(C)clarifR(D)locate038.Then,toconnectthepueblosandtogiveaccess tothesurroundingtableland,thearchitectslaidou tasRstemofpublicroadswithstonestaircasesfor a scending clifffaces. Theword"ascending"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing?(A)arrivingat(B)carving(C)connecting(D)climbing039.WithinaverRshorttime,however,theincong ruitRofplaRinglivelRmusictoa solemn filmbeca meapparent,andfilmpianistsbegantotakesomec areinmatchingtheirpiecestothemoodofthefilm. Theword"solemn"isclosestinmeaningtowhicho ffollowing?(A)simple(B)serious(C)short(D)silent 040.CertainfilmshadmusicespeciallR composed forthem.ThemostfamousoftheseearlRspecial s cores wasthatcomposedandarrangedforD.W.Griffith'sfilmBirthofaNation,whichwasreleasedin1915. Theword"composed"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing?(A)selected(B)combined(C)plaRed(D)created Theword"scores"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoff ollowing?(A)totals(B)successes(C)musicalcompositions(D)groupsofmusicians041.TheEarth comprises threeprincipallaRers: thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeofsilicaterocksthataresemimoltenatdepth,andthethin,solid-surfacecrust. Theword"comprises"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing?(A)adaptsto(B)benefitsfrom(C)consistsof(D)focuseson042.Theseplatesmoveoverthesemimoltenlower mantletoproduceallofthemajortopographicalfea turesoftheEarth.Activezoneswhere intense defo rmationoccursareconfinedtothenarrow,interco nnectingboundariesofcontactoftheplates.Theword"intense"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)surface(B)sudden(C)rare(D)eRtreme043.Newoceaniccrustisformedalongoneormoremargins ofeachplatebRmaterialissuingfromde eperlaRersoftheEarth'scrust,foreRample,bRvolcaniceruptionsoflavaatmidoceanridges. Theword"margins"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)edges(B)peaks(C)interiors(D)distances044.Ifatsuchaspreadingcontactthetwoplates su pport continents,ariftisformedthatwillgraduall RwidenandbecomefloodedbRthesea.TheAtlanti cOceanformedlikethisastheAmericanandAfro-Europeanplatesmoveinoppositedirections. Theword"support"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)separate(B)create(C)reduce(D)hold045.Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowing ap preciation oftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversi tR,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosRstem, tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being. Theword"appreciation"isclosestinmeaningtow hichoffollowing?(A)ignorance(B)recognition(C)tolerance(D)forgiveness046.AnalieneRploringEarthwouldprobablRgive prioritRtotheplanet'sdominant,most-distinctivefeature-theocean.Humanshavea bias towardlandthatso metimesgetsinthewaRoftrulReRaminingglobali ssues. Theword"bias"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffol lowing?(A)concern(B)disadvantage(C)attitude(D)prejudice047.The prevailing windsintheGreatBasinarefr omthewest.Warm,moistairfromthePacificOcea nisforcedupwardasitcrossestheSierraNevada. Theword"prevailing"isclosestinmeaningtowhi choffollowing?(A)mostfrequent(B)occasional(C)gentle(D)mostdangerous048.Thereseemtohavebeenseveralperiodswithi nthelasttensofthousandsofRearswhenwater acc umulated inthesebasins.Theriseandfallofthela keswereundoubtedlRlinkedtotheadvancesandr etreatsofthegreaticesheetsthatcoveredmuchofth enorthernpartoftheNorthAmericancontinentdu ringthosetimes. Theword"accumulated"isclosestinmeaningtow hichoffollowing?优质参考文档(A)dried(B)flooded(C)collected(D)evaporated049.Alllivingcreature,especiallRhumanbeings,h avetheirpeculiarities,buteverRthingaboutthelitt leseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesai dabouta bizarre animalthat,amongothereccent ricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslRdaRa ndnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods, andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelR ediblebRgourmets? Thephrase"bizarre"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)odd(B)marine(C)simple(D)rare050.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenatta cked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.I talso castsoff attachedstructuressuchastentacle s.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregeneratei tselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesa meifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohigh orifthewaterbecomestoopolluted. Thephrase"castsoff"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing?(A)growsagain(B)grabs(C)getsridof(D)usesasaweapon051.Afolkcultureissmall,isolated,cohesive,conse rvative,nearlRself-sufficientgroupthatis homogeneous incustom andrace,withastrongfamilRorclanstructureand highlRdevelopedrituals.Theword"homogeneous"isclosestinmeaningto whichoffollowing?(A)uniform(B)general(C)primitive(D)traditional052.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongereRistinindu strializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandC anada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericaistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarming sectthat largelRrenounces theproductsandlab orsavingdevicesoftheindustrialage. Thephrase"largelRrenounces"isclosestinmeani ngtowhichoffollowing?(A)generallRrejects(B)greatlRmodifies(C)loudlRdeclares(D)oftencriticizes053.Secularinstitutions,ofcontrolsuchasthepoli ceandarmRtaketheplaceofreligionandfamilRin maintainingorder,andamoneR-basedeconomR prevails.Becauseofthesecontra sts,"popular"maRbeviewedasclearlRdifferentfr om"folk". Theword"prevails"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)dominates(B)provides(C)develops(D)invests优质参考文档054.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshort-livedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallRnotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstodiscernthe subtle atmosphericchangesthatprecedethesestorms. Theword"subtle"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoff ollowing?(A)compleR(B)regular(C)imagined(D)slightmunicationssatellitescantransmitdata aroundtheworldcheaplRandinstantaneouslR,an dmoderncomputerscanquicklR compile andan alRzingthislargevolumeofweatherinformation. Theword"compile"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)puttogether(B)lookup(C)pilehigh(D)workover056.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnow worktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvi deoequipmentcapableoftransforming raw weat herdataintowords,sRmbols,andvividgraphicdis plaRsthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilRandquic klR. Theword"raw"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffol lowing?(A)stormR(B)inaccurate(C)uncooked(D)unprocessed 057.PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturRwerehauntedbRthe prospect thatunprece dentedchangeinthenation'seconomRwouldbringsocialchaos. Theword"Prospect"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)regret(B)possibilitR(C)theorR(D)circumstance058.AlthoughthebirthratecontinuedtodeclinefromitshighleveloftheeighteenthandearlRnineteenthcenturR,thepopulation roughlR doubledeve rRgenerationduringtherestofthenineteenthcent uries.Asthepopulationgrew,itsmakeupalsochan ged. Theword"roughlR"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)harshlR(B)surprisinglR(C)slowlR(D)approRimatelR059.Rapidindustrializationandincreasedgeogra phicmobilitRinthenineteenthcenturRhadspecia limplicationsforwomenbecausethesechangeste ndedto magnifR social distinctions.Astherole smenandwomenplaRedinsocietRbecamemoreri gidlRdefined,sodidtherolestheRplaRedintheho me. Theword"magnifR"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing?(A)solve(B)eRplain(C)analRze。